摘要
目的了解遂宁市船山区中小学生常见病流行病学特征,促进学生常见病防治工作更有针对性的开展。方法2019—2021年每年在遂宁市船山区辖区内,采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取普通小学2所(2021年增加初中和高中各1所),再以年级分层,每年级至少选取2个班级,分别检测学生的身高、体质量、血压、视力、龋齿、脊柱弯曲异常等情况,并对数据进行分析。结果2019—2021年遂宁市船山区共计检查中小学生3794人,检出率前3位分别为龋齿62.2%,近视45.7%及血压偏高23.5%。龋患率和血压偏高率在小学阶段最高,达65.1%和26.0%;近视率高中最高,达90.3%,女生近视率略高于男生,男生血压偏高率略高于女生。学生超重、肥胖、营养不良检出率分别为10.8%、11.0%和4.5%。男生超重与肥胖率高于女生,肥胖率小学高于初高中阶段,营养不良率则初高中阶段更高。脊柱曲异常检出率为1.3%,其中98.0%为脊柱侧弯异常。2021年龋患率、血压偏高率、超重及肥胖率均较前两年下降,近视率后两年较2019年上升,上述差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论2019—2021年遂宁市船山区中小学生常见病以龋齿、近视为主,是当前的防治重点,血压偏高、超重肥胖及营养不良也不容忽视。不同学习阶段和性别的中小学生患病情况表现不同,还应积极采取针对性干预措施降低患病率,保障青少年健康成长。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Chuanshan District of Suining City,so as to promote the prevention and treatment of common diseases among students.Methods In every year from 2019 to 2021,using the cluster sampling method,two ordinary primary schools were randomly selected in Chuanshan District of Suining City(one junior high school and one senior high school were added in 2021),and the grade stratification was conducted to select at least two classes per grade,the height,body mass,blood pressure,vision,dental caries,abnormal spinal curvature of students were detected,and the data were analyzed.Results A total of 3794 primary and secondary school students were examined in Chuanshan District of Suining City from 2019 to 2021.The top three detection rates were dental caries(62.2%),myopia(45.7%)and high blood pressure(23.5%)respectively.The rate of caries and high blood pressure was the highest in primary school,reaching 65.1%and 26.0%.The rate of myopia was the highest in senior high school,reaching 90.3%.The myopia rate of girls was slightly higher than that of boys,and the high blood pressure rate of boys was slightly higher than that of girls.The detection rates of overweight,obesity and malnutrition was 10.8%,11.0%and 4.5%,respectively.The overweight and obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls,the obesity rate of primary school was higher than that of middle and high schools,and the malnutrition rate was higher in middle and high schools.The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature was 1.3%,of which 98%were scoliosis.The rates of dental caries,high blood pressure,overweight and obesity all declined in 2021 from the previous two years,while myopia rate increased in the next two years compared to 2019.all differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions The dental caries and myopia are the most common diseases among primary and middle school students in Chuanshan District of Suining City from 2019 to 2021,which are the focus of prevention and treatment.The high blood pressure,overweight,obesity and malnutrition cannot be ignored.The primary and secondary school students with different learning stages and gender have different manifestations of illness.In order to ensure the healthy growth of adolescents,targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce the prevalence of the diseases.
作者
何巧
母志元
刘玉琳
唐志斌
邱乐平
HE Qiao;MUZhi-yuan;LIU Yu-lin;TANG Zhi-bin;QIU Le-ping(Quality Control and Health Department,Chuanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suining Sichuan,629000,China;Occupational and Radiation Health Institute,Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu Sichuan,610041,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2023年第9期1243-1246,1251,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
学生常见病
近视
龋齿
超重及肥胖
营养不良
血压偏高
脊柱弯曲异常
Common diseases of students
Myopia
Dental caries
Overweight and obesity
Malnutrition
High blood pressure
Abnormal spinal curvature
