摘要
斑块状造林是当前国内营建人工林的主要方式之一,在林内不同斑块间形成了大量的边缘环境。为探究人工林斑块间边缘效应的生物多样性特点,本文基于北京平原造林中的毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)林–国槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)林、国槐林–栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)林、栾树林–桧柏(Juniperus chinensis)林、旱柳(Salix matsudana)林–杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)林4种树种组合,选择与植物具有营养关系的蛾类为研究对象,采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序、Anosim分析、物种多样性指数等对蛾类数量、物种组成与多样性进行分析;并基于林下植被特征因子调查,使用Pearson相关性分析探讨了植被特征因子与蛾类群落特征的关系。结果表明:本研究共采集到蛾类4,428只,分属于24科144种。(1)斑块边缘的蛾类物种组成与斑块内存在差异,边缘独有种比例占所在样地组合物种数的13.59%–18.32%。(2)边缘物种多样性指数多为相邻斑块中间值或略高于斑块内;旱柳林–杜仲林边缘的Simpson指数显著高于杜仲林斑块,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数显著高于旱柳林斑块,Pielou均匀度指数显著低于杜仲林斑块。(3)蛾类Simpson指数与植被的平均高度和平均盖度呈显著负相关关系;而蛾类物种数与植被的平均高度和平均盖度呈显著正相关关系。(4) 4种边缘类型的边缘效应均呈正效应(IH′>1),其中旱柳林–杜仲林边缘的边缘效应强度最低(IC=0.915185808)。斑块状人工林的边缘中存在对生境变化产生响应的蛾类类群,这是斑块状人工林生物多样性提高的基础。不同树种组合斑块的边缘效应所呈现的生物多样性特点不同,可能存在优势物种暴发的风险。本研究可为后续造林及林分管理提供指导意见。
Aims:Afforestation though patch planting is one of the main ways of plantation construction in China.As a result,a large number of edge environments have emerged between different patches in the forest.The unique characteristics of these edge environments and their effects on biodiversity are worthy of attention.The purpose of this study is to explore its biodiversity performance characteristics.Methods:This study was based on the four different combinations of tree species,specifically the patches of Populus tomentosa forest and Styphnolobium japonicum forest,Styphnolobium japonicum forest and Koelreuteria paniculata forest,Juniperus chinensis forest and Styphnolobium japonicum forest,Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest in Beijing Plain.The research selected the moth population in these forests as study objects and analyzed the species number,species composition and diversity of moth using non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS),analysis of similarities(Anosim),and species diversity index.Based on the survey of vegetation characteristic factors,Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between vegetation factors and moth community characteristics.Results:A total of 4,428 moths were collected,representing 144 species of 24 families.(1)The composition of moth species differed between the edges and the patches,with unique species in the edge accounted for 13.59%-18.32%of the total species in the sample plot.(2)The diversity index of edge species was generally found to be slightly higher than or between that pure forest patches.The dominance index of the edge of Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest was significantly higher than that of Eucommia ulmoides forest patch,while the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index were significantly higher than that of Salix matsudana forest patch.Moreover,the Pielou evenness index of the edge was significantly lower than that of Eucommia ulmoides forest patch.(3)The moth Simpson dominance index was found to be negatively correlated with the average height and coverage of vegetation and the number of moth species was positively correlated with the average height and coverage of vegetation.(4)The four types of edge effects were all positive(IH'>1),and the edge effect intensity of the edge of Salix matsudana forest and Eucommia ulmoides forest was the lowest(IC=0.915185808).Conclusion:Some certain groups of moths inhabit marginal habitats,which contribute to the higher biodiversity found in patch plantations.The edge effects of paths composed of different tree species exhibit distinct biodiversity characteristics,and there is a possibility of dominant species outbreaks.This study can provide guidance for future subsequent afforestation and stand management.
作者
段曼微
李香
周阳
赵敏欣
孙秀玲
韩冰
张刚
权子豪
李凯
Manwei Duan;Xiang Li;Yang Zhou;Minxin Zhao;Xiuling Sun;Bing Han;Gang Zhang;Zihao Quan;Kai Li(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau,Beijing 102211;Beijing Museum of Natural History,Beijing 100050;Beijing Ming Tombs Forest Centre,Beijing 102200;Lucheng Collective Forest Centre in Beijing Tongzhou District,Beijing 101100)
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期65-75,共11页
Biodiversity Science
基金
北京林业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(x202110022213)。
