摘要
为破解东北烟区烤烟生长后期低温影响烟叶采收的障碍,提高烟叶质量,尝试将低温灾害风险预警等级划分成正常、低风险、中风险、高风险,在中风险和高风险临近时(前2 d),采取对烟株砍收遮光水养采烤的措施,分析其对烤后烟叶的经济性状、外观质量、化学成分含量及感官质量的影响。结果表明:当预警等级为中风险以下时,烟株砍收遮光水养采烤处理,烤坏烟损失率较常规采烤降低8.5%,总损失率降低12.6%,烟叶外观质量评价总分可提高0.06分,但外观和感官质量改善不明显;当预警等级为高风险时,烟株砍收遮光水养采烤处理,烤坏烟损失率降低55.1%,总损失率降低70.2%,上等烟和中等烟比例显著提高78.7%、57.2%,外观质量评价总分显著提高了0.58分,两糖比、糖碱比较高,改善了化学成分的协调性及感官质量。建议当低温灾害风险预警等级为中风险及以下时,对田间未达成熟标准的烟叶,采用常规采烤方法;当高风险临近时,则采用烟株砍收遮光水养采烤方法,以达到减灾保收的目的。
In order to solve the obstacle of low temperature affecting the harvesting of tobacco leaves in the late growth period of flue-cured tobacco in northeast China,and to improve the quality of tobacco leaves,risk warning levels of low temperature disaster were divided into normal,low risk,medium risk and high risk.When“medium risk”and“high risk”approach(first 2 d),tobacco plant cutting and shading water-cultivated methods were taken,and the effects of economic traits,appearance quality,chemical composition content,and sensory quality of the cured tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results indicate that compared to conventional harvesting,under low temperature disaster risk warning level below medium risk,the loss rate of bad-cured tobacco was decreased by 8.5%,and the total loss rate of flue-cured tobacco was reduced by 12.6%when harvested using tobacco plant cutting and shading water-cultivated method;and the total score of appearance quality evaluation was increased by 0.06 points,but the improvement in appearance and sensory quality was not significant.Under high risk low temperature disaster warning level,with tobacco plant cutting and shading water-cultivated method,the loss rate of bad-cured tobacco was decreased by 55.1%,the total loss rate of flue-cured tobacco was decreased by 70.2%,and the proportion of high-grade and medium-grade tobacco increased significantly by 78.7%and 57.2%respectively,compared to conventional harvesting;and the total score of appearance quality evaluation was significantly improved by 0.58 points,the two sugar ratio and sugar-base ratio was significantly higher,which improved the coordination of chemical components and the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco.It is recommended that when the low temperature disaster risk warning level is“medium risk”and below,conventional tobacco harvesting methods should be used for tobacco leaves below the mature standard in the field;when the“high risk”is approaching,the method of tobacco plant cutting and shading water-cultivated should be adopted to achieve the goal of disaster reduction and income protection.
作者
吴飞跃
高荣
游连尉
孙武
何健
李树利
赖成连
刘小军
刘奕平
WU Feiyue;GAO Rong;YOU Lianwei;SUN Wu;HE Jian;LI Shuli;LAI Chenglian;LIU Xiaojun;LIU Yiping(Fujian China Tobacco Industry Co.Ltd,Xiamen,Fujian 361012,China;Chaoyang Branch of Liaoning Provincial Tobacco Company,Chaoyang,Liaoning 122000,China)
出处
《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期279-283,365,共6页
Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)
基金
福建中烟工业有限责任公司项目(FJZYKJJH2021YB031)。
关键词
烟株砍收
遮光水养
低温
东北烟区
tobacco cutting and harvesting
shading water-cultivated
low temperature
northeast flue-cured tobacco area
