摘要
在我国刑事司法中大量适用生态修复,但对其性质的理解、具体的裁量却存在诸多误区。基于政策、规范和理论三方面依据,应当将生态修复定位为量刑中的酌定情节。以环境法益的特殊性和生态修复的长期性为基础,生态修复量刑情节应采取实质性标准——具有可修复性、预期取得实际效果的生态修复行为可以作为量刑情节适用,排除单纯的金钱赔偿行为。目前,生态修复情节司法适用存在三个问题:偏离法益保护目标、忽视修复效果以及犯罪人的主观责任状态评价错位。为实现科学化、精细化量刑,生态修复量刑可以采取梯度衡量方式。根据两个层次标准可将生态修复量刑情节划分为四个量刑梯度:具有已然效果的原貌恢复型、具有已然效果的替代补偿型、具有未然效果的原貌恢复型、具有未然效果的替代补偿型。这一衡量方式适用于具体案例可以获得精确量刑的效果,有助于解决实践问题,促进环境犯罪治理目标的实现。
Ecological restoration is widely applied in China's criminal justice,but there are many misunderstandings of its nature and specific discretion.Based on policies,legal norms and theories,ecological restoration should be considered in a discretionary sentence.On the basis of the particularity of environmental legal interests and the long-term nature of ecological restoration,the substantive standard should be adopted,which means that the ecological restoration behavior with repairability and expected to achieve practical results can be defined as the circumstance of discretionary sentence,excluding the simple monetary compensation behavior.There are three problems in the judicial application of ecological restoration:deviation from the protection goal of legal interests,neglect of the restoration effect,and misplaced evaluation of the subjective responsibility state of criminals.For a discretionary sentence in a scientific and refined way,ecological restoration sentence can be measured by gradient.According to the two levels of standards,it can be divided into four sentencing gradients:restoration of original appearance with existing effects,replacement compensation with existing effects,restoration of original appearance with potential effects,and replacement compensation with potential effects.In practice,this measurement serves for accurate sentence,and even for environmental crime governance.
作者
杨宁
冯悦超
YANG Ning;FENG Yuechao
出处
《公安学研究》
CSSCI
2023年第2期89-107,124,共20页
Journal of Public Security Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“人机共驾模式下刑事责任问题研究”(20CFX026)。
