摘要
岩溶地下水是济南泉群的重要补给来源,其水质直接影响着济南市保泉工作成效。本次研究于5月和9月在济南市长孝岩溶水系统、趵突泉岩溶水系统及白泉岩溶水系统采集水样并进行水质检测。通过运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型等方法,对研究区内地下水水化学特征进行分析,利用模糊评价方法,对研究区地下水的质量进行综合评价。结果表明:三个岩溶水系统中地下水均为弱碱性水,硬度较小,TDS值均<1 000 mg·L^(-1)。阴阳离子浓度表现为:HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-),Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)。模糊评价的结果显示,三个岩溶水系统地下水总体水质良好,可用作生活饮用水,且长孝、趵突泉及白泉的岩溶水水化学类型大致相同,离子来源相似,故水力联系较强。
Karst groundwater is an important source recharge for springs in Jinan,and its water quality directly affects the effectiveness of spring protection work in this city.In this study,a total of 128 groundwater samples(64 each in the wet season and the dry season)were collected from the main karst hydrogeological units in Jinan-Changxiao karst water system,Baotu Spring karst water system and Baiquan karst water system in May(the dry season)and September(the wet season),and their water quality was tested.By means of mathematical statistics,correlation analysis,Piper three-line diagram,Gibbs model and ion ratio,the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area were analyzed.Besides,the groundwater quality in this area was evaluated comprehensively by fuzzy evaluation method.The analysis may provide a basis for the hydraulic connection of the three karst water systems.Results show that groundwater in the three karst water systems of Changxiao,Baotu Spring and Baiquan are all weakly alkaline water with low hardness,and TDS values are less than 1,000 mg·L^(−1),among which TDS value and TH value show as Changxiao>Baiquan>Baotu Springs.The ion concentrations are as follows:Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+),HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-).The water quality of the three karst water systems is worse in the dry season than in the wet season.The chemical types of water in Changxiao,Baotu and Baiquan are roughly the same,mainly calcium type and bicarbonate-mixed water.The Changxiao karst water system and Baotu Spring karst water system are mainly of SO_(4)·Cl-Ca·Mg type,and the Baiquan karst water system is mainly of HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg type.According to the piper threeline diagram and the Gibbs diagram,the main groundwater ions in the three karst water systems of Changxiao,Baotu Spring and Baiquan mainly come from rock weathering.It can be seen from the ion ratio diagram that the main hydrochemical effects in the study area are from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks and evaporite salts and cation exchange.More than 50%of the water in the three karst water systems falls into Grade III in both the dry season and the wet season,indicating that the karst groundwater in the study area is less polluted.Compared with the water collected from sample points in two seasons,the water quality in the wet season is better than that in the dry season.The Baotu Spring karst water system has the best water quality,followed by the Baiquan karst water system.In this study,suggestions on the environmental protection of karst water resources are put forward:(1)The government should standardize the management of industrial water use,implement a quota system,and avoid mainly by raising the karst groundwater level in the western area so as to prevent the westward diversion of groundwater in the northern runoff process in the southern mountainous area of Baotu Spring.In this process,the groundwater is concentrated in the spring outcropping area,and hence the spring discharge may increase.On the condition of protecting the nature infiltration of leakage zone,we can fully explore the water replenishment function and increase the replenishment of major leakage zones of the Yufu river by water diversion,ecological restoration and pollution control.The research finding shows that delimiting major protection areas for leakage zones is important for us to ensure the continuous gushing of springs.This study also provides a basis for the accurate and scientific protection of springs as well as technical support for urban development planning and protection of the famous springs in Jinan.
作者
刘文悦
高宗军
徐源
韩聪
罗振江
赵振华
LIU Wenyue;GAO Zongjun;XU Yuan;HAN Cong;LUO Zhenjiang;ZHAO Zhenhua(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China;Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Jinan,Shandong 251600,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期220-232,244,共14页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MD109)。
关键词
岩溶地区
地下水
水质评价
水化学分析
模糊评价
the region of Baotu Spring
major leakage zone
leakage recharge
protection of karst springs
