摘要
为了解终花期至荚果发育阶段和荚果成熟至收获阶段花生秸秆的饲用品质变化特点,提升花生秸秆的饲用价值,本研究以13份花生品种(系)为材料,分别对各发育阶段的花生植株进行分期取样,调查干物质积累量,利用NIRS方法检测茎秆、叶片、根、荚果、秸秆等的蛋白质和钙含量。结果表明,在终花期至荚果发育阶段,随着荚果的膨大充实和品质提升,茎秆和叶片的干物质量变化幅度较小,蛋白质与钙的含量均呈前期降低、后期趋于稳定,具有一定相关性。在此阶段,茎秆和叶片的蛋白质含量变化范围分别为6.64%~8.87%和12.63%~13.61%,钙含量变化范围分别为0.92%~1.01%和0.95%~1.10%,秸秆品质下降。对于饲用花生品种而言,花生初花期或盛花期的秸秆量最大,品质最优,综合饲用价值最高。在荚果成熟至收获阶段,花生植株各部位的蛋白质和钙含量持续下降,二者变化趋势基本一致,具有一定相关性。此阶段茎秆和叶片的蛋白质含量变化范围分别为6.23%~7.28%和10.86%~13.57%,钙含量的变化范围分别为1.00%~1.04%和1.16%~1.19%。在保证花生产量的基础上,适宜的收获期能够兼顾花生荚果和秸秆的品质。
In order to understand dynamic characteristics of peanut straw quality at pod developmental and harvesting stages so as to achieve better feeding value,plants of thirteen peanut varieties(or lines)growing at both stages were sampled at intervals,and their dry material accumulation mass of stems,leaves,roots and pods were weighed,protein and calcium content of stalks,leaves,roots,pods and straw were detected by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)technology.The results manifested that:①From the final flowering stage to pod developmental stage,dry matter mass of stalks and leaves both changed little with the expansion and quality enhancement of pods,while protein and calcium content of stalks and leaves both decreased in the early stage and stabilized in the late stage,which exhibited a positive correlation.In this period,protein content of stalks and leaves ranged from 6.64%to 8.87%and 12.63%to 13.61%,and calcium content of stalks and leaves ranged from 0.92%to 1.01%and 0.95%to 1.10%,respectively,indicating that peanut straw quality declined.In terms of forage peanut varieties,peanut straw mass and comprehensive feeding value could reach the highest value at either initial flowering stage or full-bloom stage.②From pod maturity to harvest stage,protein and calcium content of stalks and leaves both continued to decrease,and the trend of the two changes was basically similar,which exhibiteda positive correlation.In this period,protein content of stalks and leaves ranged from 6.23%to 7.28%and 10.86%to 13.57%,and calcium content of stalks and leaves ranged from 1.00%to 1.04%and 1.16%to 1.19%,respectively.On the basis of ensuring the yield of peanut,the suitable harvest time can give consideration to both of the quality of peanut pod and straw.
作者
田永国
胡廷会
丁广刚
成良强
饶庆琳
姜敏
王金花
吕建伟
王军
TIAN Yong-guo;HU Ting-hui;DING Guang-gang;CHENG Liang-qiang;RAO Qing-lin;JIANG Min;WANG Jin-hua;LüJian-wei;WANG Jun(Agricultural Technology Extension Centre of Yanhe,Yanhe 565300,China;Guizhou Oil Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang550006,China)
出处
《花生学报》
北大核心
2023年第2期91-95,共5页
Journal of Peanut Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1601711,2022YFD1100303)
贵州省农科院青年基金(黔农科青年基金[2023]12号和[2022]22号)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)
黔农科种质资源[2023]16号
贵州省基础研究计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般134、ZK[2022]一般290和ZK[2023]一般187)。
关键词
花生
秸秆
蛋白质
钙
饲料
peanut
straw
protein
calcium
forage
