摘要
2021年我国全国碳市场正式开市,发电行业被首先纳入全国统一碳排放权交易市场。在此背景下,准确、客观、实时且具有公信力的碳排放数据是碳交易市场高效运行的重要基础。核算法和在线监测法是目前国际上常用的两种碳排放计量方法。针对两种方法,首先分别综述了其优缺点。核算法是我国的通用方法,具有适用范围广、有统一核算标准的优点,但存在处理过程复杂、时效性差、采样等过程易受人为因素影响等问题。在线监测法因具有时效性好、自动化程度高、数据不受人为因素影响等优点而受到了广泛的关注。但目前在线监测法在国内的推广应用依然存在很多问题:缺乏相应的支撑体系;在线监测法的数据质量尚不能保证,与核算法的可比性也存在争议,而影响其数据质量的最大因素是CO_(2)浓度监测技术和烟气流量监测技术;烟气流量监测的准确性还有待研究。然后针对在线监测法的数据质量提高及评估方法进行分析总结,认为电厂中CO_(2)浓度检测精度可达到较好的水平,而烟气流量监测精确度尚未达成统一结论,其监测技术、测点布置都会影响其现场应用,研制具备自主知识产权、适用范围广、精度高的烟道流量计对我国的准确碳核查事业来说势在必行。针对在线监测数据质量评估则可采用不确定度进行量化。最后提出以下建议:设立不同碳排放在线监测试点,选取不同类型及容量的机组分别研究,根据现场具体条件在其中安装不同的流量计用以对比分析,研究更适用的流量计类型及现场测点布置;建立碳排放在线监测不确定度分析模型,量化分析其中引入较大不确定度的因素,完善数据评价体系;构建碳排放在线监测数据与核查数据的综合对比体系,若在碳市场中在线监测方法与核算法并存,则要确保不同数据的一致性,保障碳市场的公平性;尽快建立碳排放连续在线监测系统的配套机制,建立相应的国家标准,确保报告数据有据可依。
In 2021,China’s national carbon market was officially opened,and the power generation industry was first included in the national unified carbon emission trading market.In this context,accurate,objective,real-time and credible carbon emission data is an important basis for the efficient operation of the carbon trading market.Carbon accounting method and online monitoring method are two commonly used carbon emission measurement methods in the world.This paper firstly reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods.The accounting method is a common method in China,and it has the advantages of wide application scope and unified accounting standards.However,there are some problems,such as complex processing process,poor timeliness,and sampling process vulnerable to human factors.On-line monitoring method has been widely concerned because of its advantages of good timeliness,high degree of automation and data not affected by human factors.However,there are still many problems in the application of online monitoring method in China.Firstly,there is no corresponding support system;secondly,the data quality of the online monitoring method cannot be guaranteed,and the comparability with the accounting method is also controversial.The biggest factors affecting the data quality are CO2 concentration monitoring technology and flue gas flow monitoring technology;thirdly,the accuracy of flue gas flow monitoring remains to be studied.Then,the data quality improvement and evaluation method of on-line monitoring method were analyzed and summarized.It is considered that the detection accuracy of CO2 concentration in power plant can reach a good level,while the accuracy of flue gas flow monitoring has not yet reached a unified conclusion.Its monitoring technology and measuring point layout will affect its field application.It is imperative to develop a flue flowmeter with independent intellectual property rights,wide application range and high precision for China’s accurate carbon verification cause.The quality evaluation of online monitoring data can be quantified by uncertainty.Finally,the following suggestions were put forward:first,to set up different carbon emissions online monitoring pilot and select different types and capacity of the unit for the studies.According to the specific conditions of the site,different flowmeters should be installed for comparative analysis to explore more suitable flowmeter types and site measurement point layout.Second,to establish an uncertainty analysis model for online monitoring of carbon emissions,to quantitatively analyze the factors that introduce greater uncertainty,and to improve the data evaluation system.Third,to construct a comprehensive comparison system of carbon emission online monitoring data and verification data.If the online monitoring method and the accounting method coexist in the carbon market,it is necessary to ensure the consistency of different data and the fairness of the carbon market.Fourth,to establish a supporting mechanism for a continuous online monitoring system for carbon emissions as soon as possible,and to establish corresponding national standards to ensure that the report data is based on evidence.
作者
姚顺春
支嘉琦
付金杯
李峥辉
卢志民
卓俊玲
YAO Shunchun;ZHI Jiaqi;FU Jinbei;LI Zhenghui;LU Zhimin;ZHUO Junling(School of Electric Power Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficiency and Low Pollution Energy Conversion,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Environmental Engineering Assessment Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期97-108,共12页
Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0109700)。
