摘要
为选择滞尘能力优良的绿化植物,以南宁市大学路分车隔离带栽植的软枝黄蝉(Allamanda cathartica)、金叶假连翘(Duranta erecta‘Golden Leaves’)、黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa‘Golden Leaves’)、朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)、龙船花(Ixora chinensis)、台琼海桐(Pittosporum pentandrum var.formosanum)和鹅掌藤(Heptapleurum arboricola)等7种灌木为研究对象,观察植株叶片形态及叶片表皮的超微形态特征,收集和测量单位叶面积滞尘量。结果表明:该路段植物叶片冬季滞尘量多于夏季,尘粒质量中大于PM_(10)的占比多于PM_(10)或PM_(2.5);所研究的种类中,金叶假连翘的滞尘能力最为突出,龙船花和朱瑾滞留大于PM_(10)颗粒物的能力较强,而黄金榕和台琼海桐滞留PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)等细微颗粒的优势较明显;经量化赋值后主成分分析,叶片是否被毛、叶缘类型、一级侧脉数量、侧脉末梢网结状态和叶脉在叶面的分布状态5个指标包含了植物形态特征与滞尘能力关系的大部分信息;叶片上表皮细胞垂周壁凸出和蜡质层饰纹呈颗粒状滞尘量大,呈条纹状的角质层饰纹过粗或者过细、排列整齐的不利于滞尘功能的发挥,下表皮气孔外拱盖外缘的角质层呈多层环状结构的有利于黏附更多尘粒。在滞尘策略上7种植物在叶片宏观和表皮超微形态特征上表现出一定差异性,金叶假连翘的滞尘量大,叶色多样,景观效果突出,值得大力推广;大气颗粒较多且粒径大的环境,推荐选用龙船花和朱瑾,在颗粒物较细等级占优的环境中可多栽植黄金榕和台琼海桐。
In order to select urban greening plants with excellent dust retaining capability,seven species of shrubs,including Allamanda cathartica,Duranta erecta‘Golden Leaves’,Ficus microcarpa‘Golden Leaves’,Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,Ixora chinensis,Pittosporum pentandrum var.formosanum and Heptapleurum arboricola,growing in the road green belt of University Road in Nanning,were studied to observe the leaf morphology and the ultrastructure characteristics of leaf epidermis,and collected and measured the dust retaining capability per unit leaf area at the same time.The results revealed that the plant leaves had more dust retaining in winter than in summer in this section of the road studied,and that dust particles greater than PM_(10) were accumulated more than PM_(10) or PM_(2.5).Among the species studied,D.erecta GL had the most outstanding ability of dust retaining,I.chinensis and H.rosa-sinensis were more dust retaining capability with particle diameters more than PM_(10),while F.microcarpa GL and P.pentandrum var.formosanum had more clear advantage in dust retaining with fine particles such as PM_(10) and PM_(2.5).According quantified principal component analysis,the five characteristic including:whether the leaf blade was hairy or not,leaf margin type,the number of primary lateral veins,the netting status of the terminal lateral veins and the distribution status of the leaf veins on the leaf surface contained most of the information on the relationship between leaf morphological traits and dust retaining capability.Among the ultrastructure features of the leaf epidermis,projecting anticlinal wall of the upper epidermal cell and granular ornamentation of waxy layer contributed to stronger dust retaining than flocculent orna-mentation of waxy layer.Striped ornamentation of cuticle that was too thick or too thin and neatly arranged were not benefit to dust retaining.And the cuticle of the outer edge of stomatal outer arch of the lower epidermis of the leaf had a multilayered ring structure which facilitating the adhesion of more dust particles.The findings of this study could help to provide a reference for the selection of plants for greening and air purification in different types of atmospheric pollution environments and give us a theoretical basis for the study of plant dust retaining.In the strategy of dust retaining,seven plants showed some differences in the macro-morphological characteristics of leaves and ultrastructure of epi-dermis.D.erecta GL had the largest dust retaining capability,various leaf colors and outstanding landscape effects,so it is worth popularizing.In the dust environment dominated by large particulate matter,I.chinensis and H.rosa-sinensis are recommended,while in the environment with fine dust particles,F.microcarpa GL and P.pentandrum var.formo-sanum can be planted more.
作者
朱栗琼
龙孟元
杨凤兰
吕佳峻
招礼军
ZHU Liqiong;LONG Mengyuan;YANG Fenglan;LYU Jiajun;ZHAO Lijun(College of Forestry,Guangxi University/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1297-1305,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.31560061,No.31260093)
广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科研[2022]第1号)。
关键词
绿化灌木
叶片表型
表皮超微形态
滞尘能力
生物净化
植株形态
greening shrub
leaf phenotype
epidermal ultrastructure
dust retaining capability
bio-purification
plant morphology
