摘要
研究发现,幼儿对意外伤害事故的认知水平不高,具有零散性、浅表性、单维化、直观性、主观性的特点。幼儿认知水平随着年龄的增长而提高,发展速度具有明显的阶段特点,小班到中班年龄段发展迅速。性别差异不明显,但是在受伤、触电、中毒的认知方面,男幼儿较女幼儿水平高。园所之间有一定差异,城市园幼儿的认知水平整体上略好于农村园幼儿,特别体现在概念认知和事故原因认知方面。影响幼儿意外伤害认知的因素有思维发展水平、语言表达能力、生活经验、事故类型、地域环境、教育质量。研究建议,转换安全教育视角,遵循并促进幼儿思维发展水平,丰富幼儿生活经验,完善安全教育内容,改进教育方式,针对年龄、性别、园所、事故类型的差异特点进行专项教育。
The study finds that children’s cognitive level of accidental injury is not high with the scattered,superficial,one-dimensional,intuitive and subjective characteristics.Children’s cognition gets improved as they grow older and the development speed has obvious stage characteristics,i.e.,children aged 3-5 years old develop more rapidly.The gender difference is not obvious,but in terms of the cognition of injury,electric shock and poisoning,the level of boys is higher than that of girls.In addition,there are certain differences among the kindergartens in different areas,that is,the cognitive level of children in urban kindergartens is slightly better than that in rural kindergartens on the whole,especially in terms of the cognition of concepts and causes of accidents.The factors that affect children’s cognition of accidental injury include thinking development level,language expression ability,life experience,types of accidents,regional environment and education quality.It is suggested that preschool teachers should change the perspective of safety education,follow and promote children’s thinking development level,enrich children’s life experience,perfect the content and methods of safety education,and carry out the relevant targeted education according to the differences of age,gender,kindergartens and types of accidents.
作者
王艳
曹玉莲
刘蕊
WANG Yan;CAO Yulian;LIU Rui(Jiangsu Second Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,211200,China;Xianghe Yuan Kindergarten,Pizhou,Jiangsu,221300,China;Zhejiang Juvenile and Children’s Publishing Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310013,China)
出处
《江苏第二师范学院学报》
2023年第3期44-54,124,共12页
Journal of Jiangsu Second Normal University
基金
江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划重点项目“基于学前儿童意外伤害认知的教育干预研究”(项目编号:B-a/2020/01/27)
江苏第二师范学院教改研究项目“新文科背景下应用型本科学前教育专业多元化人才培养体系研究”(项目编号:JSSNUJXGG2021YB05)。
关键词
幼儿认知
意外伤害事故
安全教育
children cognition
accidental injury
safety education
