摘要
为明确饲料中添加刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)超微粉对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)脂质沉积、抗氧化能力及肠道消化酶和微生物的影响,通过为期8周的饲养试验,在饲料中添加4‰的刺五加超微粉(中草药添加剂),对比研究饲料添加刺五加后吉富罗非鱼肠道消化酶、肝脏生化指标和肠道微生物组成的变化。结果表明:(1)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著提高肠道消化酶(淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶)含量,罗非鱼生长速度和饲料利用效率均显著升高;(2)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著降低肝脏甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)和总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)水平,同时肝脏丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量降低、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性升高;(3)饲料添加4‰的刺五加超微粉可以显著影响肠道微生物组成,提升肠道微生物alpha多样性,部分多样性指数与淀粉酶、脂肪酶、SOD显著正相关,与TC、TG显著负相关;(4)变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是吉富罗非鱼肠道优势菌门。筛选出的核心差异菌属是显著富集于对照组的肠弧菌属(Enterovibrio)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和霍氏弧菌属(Grimontia),显著富集于刺五加添加组的劳森氏菌属(Lawsonia)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和短螺旋体属(Brevinema),在吉富罗非鱼肠道内存在着一定丰度的潜在致病菌。(5)PICRUSt2功能预测表明代谢(Metabolism)在一级功能层显著富集,对照组疾病(Human diseases)代谢通路相对丰度显著高于刺五加添加组,两个处理组在二级功能层有相似的分布特征,肠道菌群的多样性功能将在代谢中发挥重要作用。综上,饲料中添加刺五加超微粉可以影响吉富罗非鱼的肠道酶活、肝脏生化指标和肠道菌群组成和功能,促进罗非鱼的健康生长。
In recent years,the intensive breeding mode has developed rapidly,however,various problems emerge with intensive fish culture methods,especially crowding stress and increased susceptibility to disease,which will ultimately influence the growth performance,welfare,and profitability of the farmed fish.Intestinal microbes play an important role in maintaining the balance of intestinal environment and host health.We are genuinely concerned about the health of fish(via their intestinal flora)under high density culture.Therefore,the present study aimed to describe compositional and functional differences of the gut microbiome of genetically improved farmed tilapia(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)reared under Acanthopanax senticosus ultrafine powder,by investigating their responses to 8 weeks culture experiment.The results showed as follows:(1)adding 4‰A.senticosus superfine powder to the diet could significantly increase the activities of intestinal amylase,lipase and trypsin,improve the growth and development of tilapia and improve the feed conversion rate.(2)adding 4‰A.senticosus superfine powder to the diet could significantly reduce the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver,and reduce the content of malondialdehyde and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver.(3)adding 4‰A.senticosus superfine powder to the diet could significantly affect the composition of intestinal microorganisms and improve the alpha diversity of intestinal microorganisms.Some diversity indexes are significantly positively correlated with amylase,lipase and superoxide dismutase,and negatively correlated with triglyceride and total cholesterol.(4)Proteobacteria,Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the intestinal tract of GIFT.The core difference genera screened were Enterovibrio,Cetobacterium and Grimontia,which were significantly enriched in the control group.In addition,Lawsonia,Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas and Brevinema were significantly enriched in 4‰A.senticosus adding group,indicating that there may be a certain abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria in fish during the growth cycle.Functional prediction analysis with PICRUSt2 revealed that the bacterial community was active in metabolism at hierarchy level 1.The relative abundance of human diseases in the control group was significantly higher than that in 4‰A.senticosus adding group.Further,the abundance of functional genes was similar at hierarchy level 2,implying abundant functional diversity.In conclusion,adding 4‰A.senticosus superfine powder to the feed could affect intestinal enzyme activity,liver biochemical indices and intestinal microflora composition and function of GIFT,and promote the healthy growth of fish.
作者
李全杰
朱昊俊
强俊
聂志娟
高建操
孙毅
徐钢春
LI Quan-Jie;ZHU Hao-Jun;QIANG Jun;NIE Zhi-Juan;GAO Jian-Cao;SUN Yi;XU Gang-Chun(Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1396-1407,共12页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-46)资助。
关键词
刺五加
生长
肠道微生物
吉富罗非鱼
Acanthopanax senticosu
Growth
Gut microbiome
Oreochromis niloticus
