摘要
针对江苏省夏玉米生产过程中劳动力短缺、肥料施用过频且不合理的现状,通过明确不同的一次性施肥方式较常规施肥方式下玉米株高、干物质量和氮素含量的变化,为江苏省夏玉米高效稳产栽培技术的推广提供理论依据。以江苏省推广品种苏玉30为材料,研究夏玉米株高、有效叶面积、干物质量及氮素含量等在3种不同施肥方式(带施、条施和穴施)间的差异。结果表明,3种一次性施肥方式与常规施肥方式相比,苏玉30的株高、穗位高、茎粗、单株有效叶面积、单株干物质量、单株氮素质量和单株氮素分配比率间的差异均无统计学意义。一次性穴施条件下,苏玉30籽粒充实期的株高、穗位高、茎粗相对较低,与对照相比分别低1.9%、2.4%、5.0%;苏玉30成熟期的籽粒产量、干物质量、单株氮素质量和籽粒中的氮素分配比率均相对较高,与对照相比分别高2.5%、9.7%、33.0%、2.5%。而条施处理下,苏玉30籽粒充实期的单株有效叶面积相对较高,与对照相比高了11.3%。因此,在夏玉米生产中,可采用一次性穴位基施施肥方式替代常规的基施+追施施肥方式,既减少了施肥次数,又适宜机械作业,省工节本,对夏玉米绿色宜机化推广具有重要意义。
In view of the current situation of labor shortage and excessive and unreasonable fertilizer application in the production process of summer maize in Jiangsu Province,the changes of plant height,dry matter quality and nitrogen content of maize in different one-off fertilization methods compared with conventional fertilization method are clarified,which provides a theoretical basis for the promotion of high-efficiency and stable yield cultivation technology of summer maize in Jiangsu Province.In this paper,Suyu 30,a promoted variety in Jiangsu Province,was used as the material to study the differences in plant height,effective leaf area,dry matter quality and nitrogen content of summer maize among three different fertilization methods(belt application,strip application and cave application).The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization method,there were no significant differences in plant height,panicle height,stem thickness,effective leaf area per plant,dry matter quality per plant,nitrogen content and nitrogen distribution ratio of each plant.Under the condition of one-off cave application,the plant height,panicle height and stem diameter in the grain-filling period of summer maize were relatively low,which were 1.9%,2.4% and 5.0%lower than those of the control.The grain yield,dry matter weight,nitrogen content and nitrogen partition ratio in the maturation period of summer maize were relatively high,2.5%,9.7%,33.0% and 2.5% higher than the control.Under strip application,the effective leaf area per plant in the grain-filling period was relatively high,which was 11.3% higher than that of the control.Therefore,in the production of summer maize,the one-off cave base fertilization method can be used as instead of the conventional base fertilization+topdressing fertilization method,which not only reduces the number of fertilization times,but also is suitable for mechanical operations,saves labor and costs,and is of great significance for the promotion of green and mechanized summer maize.
作者
严旖旎
单海勇
刘旭杰
张晋
石晓旭
刘海翠
李赢
刘建
杨美英
YAN Yini;SHAN Haiyong;LIU Xujie;ZHANG Jin;SHI Xiaoxu;LIU Haicui;LI Ying;LIU Jian;YANG Meiying(Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Nantong Key Laboratory of Circular Agriculture,Nantong 226001,China)
出处
《大麦与谷类科学》
2023年第3期41-46,共6页
Barley and Cereal Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300209)。
关键词
玉米
产量
干物质量
氮素含量
施肥方式
Maize
Yield
Dry matter quality
Nitrogen content
Fertilization method
