摘要
为科学合理开发宁夏空中水资源,提升人工增雨作业效率和水平,摸清宁夏空中水资源时空变化特征及水汽变化与降水的关系,利用2014年1月—2020年12月宁夏23个全球导航卫星系统大气探测(GNSS/MET)站、地面自动气象站及银川市和平凉市探空站气象资料,采用统计诊断和对比分析方法,检验评估了GNSS/MET资料在宁夏不同地区的适用性,分析了宁夏大气水汽含量的时空变化特征及其与降水的关系,建立了宁夏大气水汽含量人工增雨作业指标,并对不同降水强度下的降水转化率进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)GNSS/MET资料和探空观测数据反演得出的大气水汽含量间的相关系数为0.80~0.92,两者之间的相关性随天气过程中降水量的增大呈减小趋势,GNSS/MET资料反演的大气水汽含量在宁夏具有较好的代表性和适用性。(2)受东亚夏季风年变化影响,宁夏整层大气水汽含量夏季的最大,秋春季的次之,冬季的最小;8月大气水汽含量最大,12月大气水汽含量最小。受季风边缘区位置年际波动、六盘山和贺兰山地形抬升作用影响,宁夏大气水汽含量月均值呈现出南部和北部地区的波动较大、中部地区的波动较小的显著特征。(3)宁夏1—12月适宜人工增雨作业的大气水汽含量指标分别为4.9~7.0 mm、7.6~10.0 mm、12.7~17.8 mm、16.6~19.1 mm、22.4~25.7 mm、28.0~32.7 mm、36.2~42.0 mm、34.9~44.0 mm、27.5~32.5 mm、19.2~21.0 mm、10.4~14.5 mm、5.0~8.8 mm。(4)受到纬度、六盘山地形及西南季风等影响,六盘山西侧及宁夏最东侧的盐池大气水汽降水转化率较高;与腾格里沙漠、毛乌素沙地等相邻的宁夏中部的西部地区和北部的东部地区可能受到沙尘等影响,大气水汽降水转化率低。
To develop atmospheric water resources reasonably based on precipitation enhancement techniques in Ningxia,increase the efficiency of weather modification,ascertain the spatial-temporal distribution features of cloud water resources and understand the relationship between atmospheric water vapor content and precipitation,based on the meteorological data of 23 Global Navigation Satellite System atmospheric sounding stations(GNSS/MET),ground automatic weather stations and the Yinchuan and Pingliang sounding stations in Ningxia from January 2014 to December 2020,this paper evaluates the applicability of GNSS/MET retrieval data in different regions of Ningxia by the means of statistical diagnosis and comparative analysis.Besides,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of atmospheric water vapor content and its relationship with precipitation in Ningxia are investigated,and the indexes of artificial precipitation are established.Furthermore,the precipitation conversion efficiencies under different precipitation intensities are preliminarily analyzed.The results show that:(1)The correlation coefficient between the atmospheric water vapor retrieved from GNSS/MET data and that retrieved from sounding data is 0.80—0.92.The correlation between the two tends to decrease with the increase of rainfall amount during the rainy weather process.The atmospheric water vapor content retrieved from GNSS/MET data has good representativeness and applicability in Ningxia.(2)Influenced by the annual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon,the water vapor content in the vertically integrated atmospheric layer of Ningxia is the highest in summer,followed by that in autumn and spring,and the lowest is in winter.The atmospheric water vapor content is the highest in August and the lowest in December.Affected by the interannual fluctuation of the location of the monsoon fringe and the topographic uplift of Liupan Mountain and Helan Mountain,the monthly mean atmospheric water vapor content in Ningxia presents a significant feature that the southern and northern regions have a large fluctuation,while the central region has a small fluctuation.(3)The atmospheric water vapor content indexes suitable for artificial precipitation enhancement operation from January to December are 4.97.0 mm,7.610.0 mm,12.717.8 mm,16.619.1 mm,22.425.7 mm,28.032.7 mm,36.242.0 mm,34.944.0 mm,27.532.5 mm,19.221.0 mm,10.414.5 mm,5.08.8 mm,respectively.(4)Influenced by factors such as latitude,Liupan Mountain topography and southwest monsoon,the precipitation conversion efficiencies in the west side of Liupan Mountain and Yanchi County which is located in the East of Ningxia are comparatively higher,while those in the western part of central Ningxia which is near Tengger Desert as well as the eastern part of northern Ningxia near Mu Us Sandy Land are relatively lower due to the effects of sand dust.
作者
常倬林
姚展予
崔洋
朱浩然
曹宁
舒志亮
Chang Zhuolin;Yao Zhanyu;Cui Yang;Zhu Haoran;Cao Ning;Shu Zhiliang(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory,Beijing 100081,China;Ningxia Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2023年第3期9-17,共9页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BEG02010)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0104)
国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20577)
宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才项目(RQ0023)。
关键词
GNSS/MET
探空
宁夏大气水汽含量
人工增雨作业指标
降水转化率
GNSS/MET
sounding station
atmospheric water vapor content in Ningxia
indicators of artificial precipitation
precipitation conversion efficiency
