摘要
凌汛是黄河冬春季最突出、最主要的汛情,其中宁蒙河段是黄河防凌的重点河段。2011-2020年黄河宁蒙河段凌情出现了一系列新规律、新特点,主要呈现流凌封河日期推迟、开河日期提前、封冻历时和封河长度缩短、最大冰厚变薄、槽蓄水增量减小、开河历时变长、开河凌峰及最大10 d水量减小等特征。从热力因素、水流动力因素、河道边界条件和水库调度影响等方面分析2011-2020年凌情演变的主要驱动因素,结果表明:气温整体偏高且上下游温差增大是宁蒙河段流凌封河日期推迟、开河日期提前、封冻历时和封河长度缩短、最大冰厚变薄的主要原因;凌汛期来水偏多,月际分配发生明显变化,在一定程度上造成了流凌封河日期推迟、开河历时变长、开河凌峰及最大10 d水量减小;河道条件明显改善,有利于冰下过流能力的恢复,造成槽蓄水增量近年来呈减小趋势;海勃湾水库的投入运用在一定程度上改变了坝址以下河段的冰凌演变规律,同时科学合理的水库调度也为平稳封开河创造了有利条件。
Ice flood is one of the most prominent and important flood situations in the Yellow River Basin during winter and spring,and the Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia reach is the key section of the Yellow River for ice prevention.The novel characteristics of ice regime were observed in the Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River from 2011 to 2020,which came to conclusion as follows:delayed ice⁃run and freez⁃ing⁃up date,advanced break⁃up date,shortened freezing duration and length,thinning of maximum ice thickness,reduction of channel⁃stor⁃age increment,longer duration of break⁃up,decreased ice flood peak and maximum 10⁃day water volume.The main driving factors for the evolution of ice regime in 2011 to 2020 were analyzed from the aspects of thermal factors,hydrodynamic factors,river boundary conditions and the influence of hydraulic engineering.The results show that the overall high temperature and increased temperature difference between the upstream and downstream are the main reasons for the delay in the date of ice⁃run and freezing⁃up,the advance in the date of break⁃up,the shortening of freezing duration and length,and the thinning of maximum ice thickness in the Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia reach in 2011 to 2020;more incoming water during the ice flood season and obvious change in the monthly distribution has caused a delay in the dates of ice⁃run and freezing⁃up,an increase in the duration of break⁃up,a decrease in ice flood peak and maximum 10⁃day water volume during break⁃up period;the significant improvement in river conditions is conducive to the restoration of overflowing capacity under the ice,resulting in a significant decrease in the increment water storage in recent years;the application of the Haibowan Reservoir has changed the ice evolution law of the river below the dam site to a certain extent,and the scientific and reasonable regulation of the reservoir has also created favorable conditions for the steady freezing⁃up and break⁃up.
作者
胡一栋
郭卫宁
张毅
沈延青
韩作强
HU Yidong;GUO Weining;ZHANG Yi;SHEN Yanqing;HAN Zuoqiang(Qinghai Upper Yellow River Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810000,China;Hydrological Bureau,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450004,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第7期52-57,共6页
Yellow River
基金
国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金资助项目(U2243221)
青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司科技项目(KY-C-2022-SD01)。
关键词
凌汛
气温
流量
过流能力
水库调度
宁蒙河段
黄河
ice flood
air temperature
discharge
overflowing capacity
reservoir regulation
Ningxia⁃Inner Mongolia reach
Yellow River
