摘要
利用西南地区136个地面气象观测站50年的逐日降水资料,将贵州、云南、四川、重庆、西藏划分为高原区和非高原区并对其暴雨时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:①西南大部暴雨主要发生在暖季,暴雨量约为100~300mm,暴雨日数约为1~4d,局部达6d;暴雨强度在高原区为30mm/d左右,非高原区为60mm/d以上,四川盆地西部和东北部最强,达80mm/d以上.②西南地区暖季暴雨量占年降水量的比率在非高原区约为15%~25%,高原区则在10%以下;暖季暴雨日数占年降水日数最大值为4%左右,最小值不足1%.③50a来高原地区暖季和全年暴雨日数、暴雨量皆呈弱增加趋势,而年降水量在增加的同时降水日数却在减少,表明高原降水的极端性在增强;非高原地区暖季和全年暴雨日数、暴雨量也呈弱增加趋势但年降水量、降水日数皆减少,表明非高原地区暴雨降水虽有增加,但其他量级降水减少幅度更大.
Based on the 50-year daily precipitation data from 136 surface weather stations in Southwest China,the five provinces are divided into plateau and non-plateau areas and this study analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainstorm.The following results are obtained.①Most of the heavy rain in the Southwest mainly occurs in the warm season,the heavy rain is about 100~300 mm,and the number of heavy rain days is about 1~4 days,locally up to 6 days.The intensity of rainstorm in the plateau area is about 30mm/d and more than 60mm/d in the non-plateau area.In the west and northeast of the Sichuan Basin are the strongest,reaching more than 80mm/d.②In Southwest China,the proportion of rainstorm in warm season in annual precipitation is about 15%~25%in non-plateau area and less than 10%in plateau area.The maximum number of rainstorm days in the warm season is about 4%,and the minimum is less than 1%.③In the past 50 years,the number of rainstorm days and rainfall amount in both warm season and annual has shown a weak increasing trend,while the annual precipitation has been increasing while precipitation days have been decreasing.It indicates that the extreme of plateau precipitation is increasing.The number of rainstorm days and rainfall amount in the warm season and the whole year in the non-plateau region also showed a weak increasing trend,but the annual precipitation amount and days decreased,indicating that the rainstorm in the non-plateau region increased,but the precipitation of other orders of magnitude decreased more.
作者
闫彩霞
曾波
董元昌
铁永波
范瑜越
YAN Caixia;ZENG Bo;DONG Yuanchang;TIE Yongbo;FAN Yuyue(Xiangyang Meteorological Bureau,Xiangyang Hubei 441000,China;Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorological,China Meteorological Administration/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072,China;Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,China;Jinhua Meteorological Bureau,Jinhua Zhejiang 321000,China)
出处
《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2023年第8期71-82,共12页
Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然基金重点项目(42030611)
国家自然基金重大研究计划集成项目(91937301)
四川省科技厅自由探索基础研究(2020ZYD032)
金沙江下游梯级水电站气象预报关键技术研究及系统建设项目(JG/20015B)
高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室发展基金项目(省重实验室2017青年11,SCQXKJQN202114)和研究型重点专项(SCQXKJYJXZD202202)
干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201809).
关键词
西南地区
年降水
暴雨
暖季
时空变化
precipitation
western China
spatial-temporal characteristics
heavy rain
