摘要
【目的】研究氮、磷、钾肥的配比施用对山苍子果实精油含量及其主要成分的影响情况,为山苍子的科学施肥提供参考依据和技术指导。【方法】以4年生的同一家系山苍子实生苗为试验材料,分别以氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥为试验因素,设计3个因素5个水平共25个施肥处理的L25(35)正交试验方案进行施肥试验,以不施肥的处理(T1)为对照。施用的肥料分别为尿素、过磷酸钙、碳酸钾,其有效成分及其含量分别为N(46%)、P_(2)O_(5)(18%)、K_(2)O(68%)。分别于2018年的春季(3月下旬)与秋季(10月下旬)采用沟施法施肥,共施肥2次。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取果实精油,计算精油得率,并采用气质联用色谱(GC-MS)法和峰面积归一法对精油的主要成分进行定量分析。【结果】T4(N_(1)P_(4)K_(4))处理的精油得率(3.53%)最高,为对照组的5.31倍,T3(N_(1)P_(3)K_(3))和T5(N_(1)P_(5)K_(5))处理的精油得率次之,均大于3%;3种肥料对山苍子果实精油得率的影响程度由大到小依次为P>N>K,其中最优施肥处理组合为N_(1)P_(4)K_(5)。25个处理的山苍子果实精油中共同含有的成分有9种,分别为香叶醛、橙花醛、1-庚醇、柠檬烯、十一烷、芳樟醇、十二烷、辛酸甲酯、香叶醇,其峰面积之和占相应处理的山苍子果实精油中含有的所有成分总峰面积的67%以上;各处理山苍子果实精油中较为罕见的特有成分有8种,其中对照处理的氯甲酸正辛酯及T19(N_(4)P_(4)K_(2))、T21(N_(5)P_(1)K_(5))处理的1-己醇的含量均较高。精油中各个成分含量间的相关性分析结果表明,柠檬醛与十一烷、芳樟醇、十二烷和辛酸甲酯之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。25个处理的山苍子果实精油中的柠檬醛含量均在48%以上,T16(N_(4)P_(1)K_(4))处理的柠檬醛含量(63.310%)最高,其次为T13(N_(3)P_(3)K_(5))、T9(N2P4K5)处理的,其柠檬醛含量均大于60%。【结论】施肥能显著提高山苍子果实精油得率,果实精油得率最高的施肥处理为T4(N_(1)P_(4)K_(4));果实精油中柠檬醛含量最高的施肥处理是T16(N_(4)P_(1)K_(4))。生产中应根据山苍子的栽培目的有针对性地配比施肥,从而提高定向栽培的山苍子资源利用率。
【Objective】The effects of different fertilizer proportions of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)on the content and main components of essential oil in Litsea cubeba fruit were studied to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of essential oil through reasonable fertilization.【Method】Taking the 4-year-old seedlings of the same family of L.cubeba as the experiment material,N,P,and K fertilization treatments were carried out according to the three-factor and five-level orthogonal experiment design method.A total of 25 treatments were set up,and the treatment without fertilization(T1)was the control group.The fertilizers applied were urea,superphosphate,and potassium carbonate,and the effective components and its content were N(46%),P_(2)O_(5)(18%),and K_(2)O(68%),respectively.In the spring(late March)and autumn(late October)of 2018,furrow fertilization was used twice.The fruit essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and the extraction rate was calculated.The main components of essential oil were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and peak area normalization method.【Result】The extraction rate of the T4(N_(1)P_(4)K_(4))was the highest(3.53%),which was 5.31 times that of the control group,followed by T3(N_(1)P_(3)K_(3))and T5(N_(1)P_(5)K_(5)),which were all greater than 3%.The effects of three fertilizers on the extraction rate of L.cubeba fruit essential oil were in the order of P>N>K.Among them,the optimum combination for increasing the extraction rate was N_(1)P_(4)K_(5).The essential oil of L.cubeba fruit under 25 treatments identified 9 common components by GC-MS:geranial,neral,1-heptanol,D-limonene,undecane,geraniol,Linalool,dodecane,octanoic acid,and methyl ester respectively.The sum of the peak areas of these common components in each fertilization treatment accounted for more than 67%of the sum of the peak areas of all components of L.cubeba fruit essential oil in each fertilization treatment.There were 8 rare endemic components in 25 treatments,of which the control group of octyl chloroformate,T19(N_(4)P_(4)K_(2))and T21(N_(5)P_(1)K_(5))of 1-hexanol content are higher.The correlation analysis among essential oil components showed that citral was significantly positively correlated with undecane,linalool,dodecane,and methyl octanoate(P<0.05).The content of citral in essential oil under 25 treatments was more than 48%.The content of citral in the T16(N_(4)P_(1)K_(4))was the highest,accounting for 63.310%,followed by T13(N_(3)P_(3)K_(5))and T9(N2P4K5)treatments,which were more than 60%.【Conclusion】Fertilization could significantly increase the extraction rate of L.cubeba fruit essential oil,and the fertilization treatment with the highest essential oil extraction rate was T4(N_(1)P_(4)K_(4));The combination with the highest citral content was T16(N_(4)P_(1)K_(4)).Fertilization should be targeted according to the cultivation purpose of cultivation in production,so as to improve the directional resource utilization rate of L.cubeba.
作者
磨春丽
刘沁
谷战英
龚佳亮
杨若楠
杨玲
姬雅欣
黄鹏
MO Chunli;LIU Qin;GU Zhanying;GONG Jialiang;YANG Ruonan;YANG Ling;JI Yaxin;HUANG Peng(Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan HongKuang Garden Co.,LTD,Changsha 410123,Hunan,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2023年第2期162-170,共9页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD1000605)
湖南省研究生教育创新工程和专业能力提升工程项目([2020]41号)
中南林业科技大学大学生科技创新项目([2020]18号,[2020]73号,[2020]89号)。
关键词
山苍子
施肥
精油得率
精油成分
定量分析
Litsea cubeba
fertilization
extraction rate of essential oil
essential oil composition
quantitative analysis
