摘要
基于我国富煤、贫油、少气的能源结构特点,煤炭在相当长的时间内仍然是我国最重要的化石能源。煤气化是现代煤化工发展的前沿技术,是实现煤炭清洁高效利用的有效途径,对实现国家高质量发展具有重要战略意义。煤气化过程中会产生煤气化细渣,煤气化细渣主要通过填埋的方式进行处理,不仅占用土地,污染环境,而且不利于煤化工企业的长远发展,气化细渣的高效处理再利用迫在眉睫。首先对气化细渣的理化特性进行了分析总结,气化细渣残碳含量与煤种、气化工艺条件、运行工况等因素均相关,但气化细渣的物理化学性质差别不大,主要由SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)和C组成。气化细渣残碳含量一般在20%左右,因煤种和气化操作条件等的差异,部分地区气化细渣残碳含量高达50%,具有一定潜在的利用价值。目前,气化细渣的处理方式主要有筛分分级、重力分选和泡沫分选。系统总结了气化细渣的筛分分级、重力分选和浮选技术,通过筛分分级和重力分选技术,均可以无污染、绿色环保实现气化细渣低成本、高效率再利用。通过浮选强化,可以提高捕收剂在气化细渣残碳表面的吸附与铺展,改善气化细渣的疏水性。最后,根据国内外研究现状,提出了气化细渣分选研究方向。
Coal will be still the most vital fossil energy source in China for a long period of time on the basis of the characteristics of China′s coal-rich,oil-poor and gas-poor energy structure.Coal gasification is the frontier technology for the development of modern coal chemical industry,and an effective way to realize the clean and efficient utilization of coal,which is of strategic meaning to realize the high-quality development of the whole country.Coal gasification fine slag will be produced in the process of coal gasification,which is mainly disposed of by landfilling,and not only occupies the land and pollutes the environment,but also is not conducive to the long-term growth of coal chemical companies.Therefore,the efficient treatment and reuse of coal gasification slag is urgent.Firstly,the physicochemical properties of gasification slag were analyzed and summarized.The residual carbon content of gasification fine slag is related to coal type,gasification process conditions and operating conditions,but the physicochemical properties of gasification fine slag do not vary much,mainly composed of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O _(3),CaO,Fe_(2)O_(3) and C.The residual carbon content of gasification fine slag is generally around 20%,and depending on the coal type and gasification operating conditions,the residual carbon content of gasification fine slag can be as high as 50% in some areas,which has some potential utilization value.At present,carbon ash separation methods of gasification slag are mainly sieving,gravity sorting and froth sorting.The sieving classification,gravity separation and flotation technology of gasification slag were systematically summarizes.Through sieving classification and gravity separation technology,low-cost and high-efficiency reuse of gasification fine slag can be achieved in a pollution-free and green way.The adsorption and spreading of the collector on the carbon residue surface of gasification slag can be improved by flotation enhancement,and the hydrophobicity of gasification slag can be improved.Finally,research direction of separation of gasification fine slag was proposed according to the current situation of domestic and foreign research.
作者
杨进进
樊盼盼
樊晓婷
鲍卫仁
王建成
董连平
樊民强
常丽萍
YANG Jinjin;FAN Panpan;FAN Xiaoting;BAO Weiren;WANG Jiancheng;DONG Lianping;FAN Minqiang;CHANG Liping(State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;College of Chemical Engineering&Technology,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)
出处
《洁净煤技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期51-64,共14页
Clean Coal Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1904302)
省部共建煤炭高效利用与绿色化工国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2021-K81)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4101604)。
关键词
煤气化细渣
理化特性
残碳
碳灰分离
资源化利用
coal gasification fines
physicochemical properties
carbon residue
carbon-ash separation
resource utilization
