摘要
侵蚀沟严重威胁黑土地可持续利用,揭示侵蚀沟分布的时空格局及影响因素可为侵蚀沟防治提供依据。以典型黑土区拜泉县为研究区,基于GIS和RS技术,提取县-乡(镇)-村级尺度侵蚀沟空间分布数据,分析研究区2005~2020年侵蚀沟数量、分布情况及其裂度时空变化特征,探讨坡度、坡向及距河流远近三项因素对侵蚀沟发育扩张的影响,为黑土区侵蚀沟分级分区治理提供科学依据。结果表明,侵蚀沟数量、面积、长度指标呈增长态势,2005~2020年新增329条,长度由1169.52 km增至1325.23 km,面积由23.69 km2增至29.24 km^(2)。在空间分布特征方面,整体上裂度空间分布呈东高西低、北高南低的空间格局,东北部和东南部沟蚀明显增加。综合分析坡度、坡向和距河流远近三项因素,侵蚀沟主要分布在8°~15°、阳坡(S、E)且距河流距离在1500 m范围内的坡耕地,坡向上阳坡(S、E)更易发生侵蚀;坡度分异表明侵蚀沟呈现向高坡度发展趋势,在8°~15°坡耕地上存在阈值;水文特征方面表明与河流距离增加其面积及裂度下降。
The development of erosion gullies poses a serious threat to the sustainable use of black soil.Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of the distribution of erosion gullies can provide a basis for the prevention and control of erosion gullies.Baiquan County,located in a typical black soil area,was selected as the study area.Based on GIS and RS technology,extracted spatial distribution data of erosion gullies at the county township village level,analyzed the number,distribution,and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of erosion gullies in the study area from 2005 to 2020,and explored the impact of slope,aspect,and distance from rivers on the development and expansion of erosion gullies.The aim was to provide scientific basis for the classification and zoning management of erosion gullies in black soil areas.The results showed that,the number,area and length indicators of erosion gullies showed an increasing trend,with 329 new gullies added among 2005 and 2020,with a length increased from 1169.52 km to 1325.23 km and an area increased from 23.69 km^(2) to 29.24 km^(2).In terms of spatial distribution characteristics,the overall spatial distribution of fissures showed a spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west,high in the north and low in the south,with a significant increase in gully erosion in the northeast and southeast.A comprehensive analysis of the three influencing factors of slope,aspect and distance from the river revealed that erosion gullies were mainly distributed in sloping farmland at 8°-15°,sunny slopes(S,E),and within a distance of 1500 m from the river.Upward sloping sunny slopes(S,E)were more prone to erosion.Slope differentiation indicated that erosion gullies tended to develop towards higher slopes,and there was a threshold on 8°-15°sloping farmland.In terms of hydrological characteristics,it indicated that as the distance from the river increased,its area and crack degree decreased.
作者
杜国明
向悦维
王璟
DU Guoming;XIANG Yuewei;WANG Jing(School of Public Administration and Law,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《东北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期78-88,共11页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural University
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA28130402)。
关键词
东北黑土区
侵蚀沟
GIS和RS技术
时空分布特征
多因素综合分析法
black soil area in Northeast China
erosion gully
GIS and RS technology
spatiotemporal distribution characteristics
multi-factor comprehensive analysis method
