摘要
目的:随着老年人口不断增加,老年人认知能力下降问题逐渐受到广泛关注,而高强度间歇性运动作为一种新兴的运动干预措施被应用于老年人认知能力的改善,但其疗效尚存在争议。故文章探究高强度间歇性运动干预对老年人认知能力的影响,以期为该干预措施改善老年人认知能力提供理论基础。方法:从中国知网、万方、PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EBSCO、Embase和Web of Science数据库中检索关于高强度间歇性运动对老年人群认知能力影响的随机对照试验,检索时限从各数据库建库至2022年11月。采用Cochrane协作网中随机对照试验偏倚风险评价标准进行方法学质量评估,应用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入文献结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入8项随机对照试验,其中包括4篇高质量文献以及4篇低质量文献,共369例患者。Meta分析发现,①与中等强度持续训练组相比,高强度间歇性运动组能够有效提高老年人的VO2 max(WMD=3.78,95%CI:2.79-4.77,P<0.00001);亚组分析表明当进行长期干预(干预周期≥6周)时,与中强度持续性训练组相比高强度间歇性运动组能够显著提高老年人的执行能力(SMD=0.36,95%CI:0.20-0.52,P<0.0001)和其子功能抑制能力(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.17-0.52,P<0.0001)。②与对照组相比,高强度间歇性运动组能够有效提高老年人的最大摄氧量(WMD=6.75,95%CI:4.20-9.29,P<0.00001)、记忆力(SMD=0.20,95%CI:0.03-0.37,P=0.02)、执行能力(SMD=0.87,95%CI:0.52-1.22,P<0.00001)以及其子功能抑制能力(SMD=0.89,95%CI:0.46-1.33,P<0.0001),亚组结果分析表明,当进行长期干预(干预周期≥6周)时,与对照组相比,高强度间歇性运动组能够有效提高老年人的执行能力(SMD=0.75,95%CI:0.41-1.09,P<0.0001)以及其子功能抑制能力(SMD=0.50,95%CI:0.19-0.81,P=0.002)、转换能力(SMD=1.65,95%CI:0.86-2.44,P<0.0001);③当进行单次干预时,与对照组相比,高强度间歇性运动组能够有效提高老年人的执行能力(SMD=1.25,95%CI:0.39-2.11,P=0.004)和其子功能抑制能力(SMD=2.40,95%CI:0.87-3.92,P=0.002)。结论:高强度间歇性运动能有效改善老年人群执行能力及其子功能抑制能力,但记忆能力方面并未产生改善效果。同时长期高强度间歇性运动干预对老年人群有氧能力以及执行能力方面的改善效果均优于中强度持续性训练。
OBJECTIVE:With the increasing aging population,the decline of cognitive ability in older adults has received widespread attention.High-intensity interval training(HIIT)has been applied as an emerging exercise intervention to improve cognitive ability in older adults,but its efficacy is still controversial.This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT intervention on cognitive ability in older adults,in order to provide a theoretical basis for its application in improving cognitive ability in older adults.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials regarding the effect of HIIT on cognitive ability in older adults were retrieved from databases including CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science,from the database inception to November 2022.The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials was used to evaluate the methodological quality,and RevMan 5.3 software was used for the Meta-analysis of outcome indicators in the included literature.RESULTS:A total of 8 randomized controlled trials,including 4 high-quality and 4 low-quality studies with 369 participants,were included in the Meta-analysis.Meta-analysis showed that(1)compared with moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT),HIIT could effectively improve the maximal oxygen uptake of older adults[weighted mean difference(WMD)=3.78,95%confidence interval(CI):2.79,4.77,P<0.00001].Subgroup analysis showed that with long-term intervention(intervention period≥6 weeks),compared with the MICT group,the HIIT group could significantly improve the executive function[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.36,95%CI:0.20-0.52,P<0.0001)and its sub-function inhibition ability(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.17-0.52,P<0.0001)of older adults.(2)Compared with the control group,the HIIT group could effectively improve the maximal oxygen uptake of older adults(WMD=6.75,95%CI:4.20-9.29,P<0.00001),memory(SMD=0.20,95%CI:0.03-0.37,P=0.02),executive function(SMD=0.87,95%CI:0.52-1.22,P<0.00001),and its sub-function inhibition ability(SMD=0.89,95%CI:0.46-1.33,P<0.0001).Subgroup analysis showed that with long-term intervention(intervention period≥6 weeks),compared with the control group,the HIIT group could effectively improve the executive function(SMD=0.75,95%CI:0.41-1.09,P<0.0001),its sub-function inhibition ability(SMD=0.50,95%CI:0.19-0.81,P=0.002),and switching ability(SMD=1.65,95%CI:0.86-2.44,P<0.0001).(3)With a single intervention,compared with the control group,the HIIT group could effectively improve the executive function(SMD=1.25,95%CI:0.39-2.11,P=0.004)and its sub-function inhibition ability(SMD=2.40,95%CI:0.87-3.92,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:HIIT can effectively improve the executive function and its sub-function inhibition ability of older adults,but has no improvement effect on memory ability.At the same time,long-term HIIT intervention is superior to MICT in improving aerobic capacity and executive function of older adults.
作者
刘鑫鑫
耿治中
陈建
Liu Xinxin;Geng Zhizhong;Chen Jian(School of Sports Medicine,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei Province,China;School of Health Sciences,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第14期2282-2289,共8页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
关键词
运动
高强度间歇性训练
中等强度持续训练
老年人
认知功能
执行能力
记忆力:最大摄氧量
脑源性神经营养因子
META分析
exercise
high-intensity interval training
moderate-intensity continuous training
older adults
cognitive function
executive function
memory
maximal oxygen uptake
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Meta-analysis
