摘要
目的 了解上海市中学生饮食相关行为及变化趋势,为开展膳食营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法 于2008,2012,2015,2017及2019年,在上海市的初中、高中以及中等职业技术学校中,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取71 291名学生,采用上海市青少年健康相关行为问卷开展匿名问卷调查。采用趋势检验对中学生饮食相关行为的趋势进行分析。结果 各调查年度中学生营养状况正常的比例分别为73.40%,72.60%,68.06%,68.73%,67.53%,超重肥胖率由2008年的13.17%增长至2019年的23.73%。2008-2019年中学生群体每天“吃油炸食品”的比例逐年降低,由12.05%降至4.23%[男生年度变化百分率(APC)=-7.94%,女生APC=-9.29%,t值分别为-4.33,-7.71,P值均<0.05];每天“吃甜点”的比例逐年降低,由31.66%降至11.14%(男生APC=-8.41%,女生APC=-8.67%,t值分别为-6.37,-6.96,P值均<0.05)。5次调查中,中学生具备健康饮食行为的比例波动在12.81%~21.82%,整体升高趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05);营养不均衡合并易致肥胖型饮食行为的比例降低,由35.47%降至17.00%(APC=-6.71%,t=-5.00,P<0.05);营养不均衡合并不易致肥胖饮食行为的比例升高,由39.15%升至60.16%(APC=3.46%,t=6.18,P<0.05)。结论 上海市中学生的超重肥胖率逐年上升,具备健康饮食行为的学生比例整体上仍较低。需针对性地在中学生群体中宣传合理膳食知识,促进其形成健康的饮食行为方式。
Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of diet-related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai,and to provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate health education strategies.Methods Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 71291 students selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from junior high schools,senior high schools and vocational schools in Shanghai in the year of 2008,2012,2015,2017,2019.The questionnaire adopted was"Shanghai adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire".Test for trend test were applied for the analysis of the prevalence of their dietary behaviors.Results The proportion of middle school students'nutritional status within the normal range in each survey year were 73.40%,72.60%,68.06%,68.73%,67.53%,respectively,while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.17%in 2008 to 23.73%in 2019.The proportion of"eating fried food"decreased significantly by year,from 12.05%to 4.23%(male,APC=-7.94%,t=-4.33,female,APC=-9.29%,t=-7.71,P<0.05)respectively.And the proportion of"eating dessert"also decreased significantly by year,from 31.66%to 11.14%(male,APC=-8.41%,t=-6.37,female,APC=-8.67%,t=-6.96,P<0.05).In the five surveys,the percentages of healthy diet-related behaviors of secondary school students were 12.81%-21.82%,no significant upward trend was observed in the whole(P>0.05).The proportion of diet-related behaviors of nutrition unbalance and easily leading to obesity decreased significantly from 35.47%to 17.00%(APC=-6.71%,t=-5.00,P<0.05).The proportion of diet-related behavior of nutrition unbalance and not easily leading to obesity increased significantly from 39.15%to 60.16%(APC=3.46%,t=6.18,P<0.05).Conclusion Overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai are increasing during the past decade,and the proportion of healthy dietary behaviors is low.The knowledge of rational diet should be publicized among these students in order to develop healthy dietary behaviors.
作者
乐贵珍
孙力菁
杨东玲
严琼
杨妍婷
罗春燕
YUE Guizhen;SUN Lijing;YANG Dongling;YAN Qiong;YANG Yanting;LUO Chunyan(Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai(200336),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期845-849,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020-2022年)人才培养计划项目(GWV-10.2-YQ15)
健康上海行动专项上海市儿童青少年健康促进模式优化与实践项目(JKSHZX-2022-10)。
关键词
饮食习惯
行为
肥胖
学生
Food habits
Behavior
Obesity
Students
