摘要
【目的】探究不同矮化自根砧对辽艳苹果树生长、产量和果实品质的影响,为其在辽宁寒地适宜矮化砧木的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】以B9、GM256、M9-T337和辽砧2号4种自根砧嫁接辽艳苹果为试材,比较不同砧穗组合树体长势、果实产量和品质的差异。【结果】辽艳/GM256、辽艳/M9-T337、辽艳/辽砧2号3个砧穗组合的树体存活率差异不显著,但均显著高于辽艳/B9;辽艳/B9的树高度、冠径较其他砧穗组合明显减小,矮化性最强,树势偏弱,而其他砧穗组合各有不同,但总体差异不显著,矮化性相近;辽艳/B9的“大脚”现象最严重;不同砧穗组合的树体主枝长度、数量和总枝量均呈增加趋势,辽艳/GM256的树体主枝长度、数量、总枝量显著高于其他砧穗组合。辽艳/M9-T337的长枝比例、中枝比例最高,辽艳/B9的短枝比例最高;中枝+短枝的比例大小为辽艳/B9>辽艳/GM256>辽艳/辽砧2号>辽艳/M9-T337。辽艳/GM256的早期丰产性明显好于其他砧穗组合,辽艳/B9的早期丰产性最差。辽艳/GM256、辽艳/M9-T337和辽艳/辽砧2号的优质果率明显高于辽艳/B9;不同砧穗组合的平均单果质量为辽艳/M9-T337>辽艳/辽砧2号>辽艳/GM256>辽艳/B9,辽艳/B9的果实光洁度、红色等外观品质表现最好;辽艳/B9的可滴定酸含量最高。辽艳/GM256的可溶性固形物含量、硬度、脆度值和固酸比等内在品质指标最高,与其他砧穗组合差异显著,果实风味更佳。【结论】综合各性状指标,以GM256自根砧嫁接辽艳苹果,不仅树体存活率高、枝类结构合理,而且产量高、果实品质优良,可考虑作为首选的砧穗组合使用。
【Objective】High yield,good quality,quick income and economical use of land are the advantages of high dense planting.Liaoyan apples are famous for high quality,good appearance and strong resistance to diseases.The effects of different dwarfing rootstocks on tree growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of this variety were studied in this paperin order to provide scientific basis for selecting suitable rootstock-scion combinations to promote the further development of varieties.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in 2021 and 2022 at Liaoning Institute of Pomology.Liaoyan apple scions were grafted on different dwarfing rootstocks(B9,GM256,M9-T337,Liaozhen No.2)in the spring of 2018.The healthy nursery trees were selected.for planting in the spring of 2019,eighty trees were planted for each combination.There were 20 trees of each combination in a row.The spacing was 1.0 m×4.0 m.The differences of the tree body development,number of branches and proportion,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality were compared in 2021 and 2022.SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.The data obtained were processed using 2007 Microsoft Excel(Microsoft,Redmond,USA)software.【Results】The survival rate,tree height,coverage rate,crown diameter,ratio of variety to rootstock,length of main branches,number of main branches and total number of branches of the Liaoyan trees grafted on B9 were the lowest,while the proportion of the medium and short branches of the Liaoyan trees on B9,GM256,M9-T337 and Liaozhen No.2 was the highest.The trees onB9 had the highest net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value,while the trees on GM256 had the lowest transpiration rate and the highest water utilization rate.The single annual yield,cumulative yield and high-quality fruit rate of the trees on GM256 were the highest,the fruit color difference L value and a value of the trees on B9 were the highest,and the fruit color difference b value of the trees on GM256 was the highest.Fruit shape index was not different among the trees on different rootstocks.The trees on B9 had the lowest fruit production.The trees on GM256 had the highest hardness,brittleness,soluble solid content and solid acid ratio of the fruits.The survival rate of Liaoyan apple trees with different rootstocks was GM256>Liaozhen No.2>M9-T337>B9.The trees on B9 had the lowest coverage and crown diameter.The trees on M9-T337 had the largest diameter,and the ratio of the scion and rootstock diameter of the trees on B9 was the smallest,and that on GM256 was the largest.The field performance showed that B9 had the strongest dwarfing effect,resulting in too weak tree growth potential.The photosynthetic characteristics of the Liaoyan apple tree were affected by different rootstocks,and the chlorophyll content SPAD and the net photosynthetic rate of the trees on B9 were the highest.The trees on GM256 had the lowest transpiration rate and the highest water utilization rate.The output of the trees on B9 was the lowest,while those on GM256 was the highest.The high-quality fruit rate of the trees on B9 was the lowest and those on GM256 was the highest.GM256 could improve early yield and high-quality fruit yield.The trees on B9 had the highest color difference L and a value,and the trees on GM256 had the highest b value.There were no significant differences in fruit shape index and solid acid ratio among the four combinations.The trees on M9-T337 had the highest single fruit weight,the trees on B9 had the highest titrable acid value,and the trees on GM256 had the highest crispness value,soluble solid value and solid acid ratio.【Conclusion】The trees on GM256 was characterized by high survival rate,strong tree vigor,high coverage rate,more branches,high fruit yield,good brittleness,high content of soluble solids and high ratio of solid to acid,sothat GM256 could be used as the rootstock of Liaoyan apple in the south of Liaoning province.B9 is not recommended for its weak tree strength although its appearance of fruits is good.Liaozhen No.2 and M9-T337 needs further observation on the subsequent growth and fruiting performance of the trees.
作者
吕天星
沈淑荣
姜孝军
闫忠业
刘志
LÜTianxing;SHEN Shurong;JIANG Xiaojun;YAN Zhongye;LIU Zhi(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue 115009,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Agricultural College,Xiongyue 115009,Liaoning,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1354-1362,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
辽宁省民生科技计划项目资助(2021JH2/10200025)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-27)。
关键词
辽艳苹果
矮化自根砧
生长发育
产量
果实品质
Liaoyan apple
Dwarfing self-rooted rootstock
Growth and development
Yield
Fruit quality
