摘要
为构建普通油茶开花期冻害指标,以普通油茶品种“铁成1号”为试验材料,分别于2020年和2021年在湖南省常德市油茶基地开展人工控制试验。以自然状态为对照,利用低温冻箱设置-6~3℃(或-8~2℃)多个不同强度低温处理,以非离体的方式将开花期油茶树枝条置于冻箱处理4h,处理结束后7d观察油茶树枝条冻害症状,测定油茶落花(果)率和光合作用参数。结果表明:低温对油茶形态、落花(果)率和光响应参数均有明显影响。温度越低,冻害症状越明显,落花(果)率越大,最大净光合速率、表观量子效率和光饱和点越低。根据冻害症状和上述生理指标对不同低温的响应,确定-2℃为开花期油茶遭受冻害的上限,-6℃是冻害明显加重的临界温度,-8℃是严重冻害的临界温度,进而建立油茶开花期轻度冻害指标为,-6℃<日最低气温≤-2℃,中度冻害指标为,-8℃<日最低气温≤-6℃,重度冻害指标为,日最低气温≤-8℃。
In order to find out the freezing injury index of Camellia oleifera,a Camellia variety named“Tiecheng No.1”was used as test material,a artificial control experiment was carried out at the Camellia oleifera base in Changde city,Hunan province in 2020 and 2021,respectively.Taking the natural state as a control,several low-temperature freezers were used to set low-temperature treatments with different intensities at-6℃to 3℃(or-8℃to 2℃)for 4 hours,and the Camellia oleifera branches at the flowering stage were placed in the freezers in a non-isolated way.7 days after treatment,the morphological changes of Camellia oleifera were observed,and the rate of falling flower(fruit)and photosynthetic parameters were determined.The results showed that the morphological indicators of Camellia oleifera,falling flowers(fruit)rate and the light response parameters were clearly changed by low temperature.As the temperature decreased,the symptoms of freezing injury became more obvious,falling flowers(fruit)rate increased,while the maximum net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency and saturation irradiation decreased.According to the symptoms of freezing damage and the response of the above physiological indicators to different low temperatures,it was determined that-2℃was the upper limit of freezing damage of Camellia oleifera during flowering period,-6℃was the critical temperature for significant aggravation of freezing damage,and-8℃was the critical temperature for serious freezing damage.It was concluded that the slight freezing injury index of Camellia oleifera during flowering period was:-6℃<daily minimum temperature≤-2℃,and the moderate freezing injury index was:-8℃<daily minimum temperature≤-6℃,and the severe freezing damage was:daily minimum temperature≤-8℃.
作者
袁小康
邬定荣
王培娟
王庆龄
范雨娴
何娜
YUAN Xiao-kang;WU Ding-rong;WANG Pei-juan;WANG Qing-ling;FAN Yu-xian;HE Na(Hunan Research Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410118,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Meteorological Bureau of Dingcheng District,Changde City,Changde 415000;Meteorological Bureau of Yiang City,Yiyang 413000;Meteorological Bureau of Zixing County,Zixing 423400)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期633-641,共9页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002203)。
关键词
油茶
开花期
低温
落花率
最大净光合速率
Camellia oleifera
Flowering stage
Low temperature
The rate of falling flowers
The maximum net photosynthetic rate
