摘要
为研究具有20年采矿历史的陕南某钼矿集中开采区对外环境的水污染效应,笔者采集25个尾矿库酸性外排水的水量及水质测试数据,包括Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mo等9种重金属元素含量,对多污染源多种重金属复合污染进行评价。采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法与《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)进行对标分析,结合外排水水量计算单项重金属元素污染负荷;在等权指标法的基础上,以地表水环境质量标准为基准,按照“标准值大小决定其重要性”的原则,根据两基点相对重要程度,引入三标度间接矩阵,计算得出含Fe元素在内的9种元素相对权重,与其污染负荷共同给出某一尾矿库环境风险值。在此基础上,计算得出25个尾矿库对受纳水体的污染贡献率,为制定尾矿库污染源优先治理方案提供参考。
To investigate the water pollution effects of a molybdenum mine’s concentrated mining area in southern Shaanxi Province with a 20-year mining history on the surrounding environment,this study collected water quantity and quality test data for 25 tailings pond acid drainage outlets,including the contents of nine heavy metal elements such as mercury,cadmium,arsenic,lead,copper,zinc,manganese,iron,and molybdenum,to evaluate the compound pollution caused by multiple sources and multiple heavy metals.Using the single pollution index and comprehensive index method,this study compared and analyzed the results with the“Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996)”and the“Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB 3838-2002)”,and calculated the single heavy metal element pollution load based on the amount of discharged water.Furthermore,on the basis of the equal-weight index method,this study used the environmental quality standards as a benchmark and,according to the principle of"the importance of the standard value determines its importance,"introduced a three-scale indirect matrix to calculate the relative weights of the nine elements,including Fe,and their pollution loads to determine the environmental risk value of a tailings pond.Finally,this study determined the pollution contribution rate of the 25 tailings ponds to the receiving water body,and provided suggestions for the prioritization of tailings pond pollution source control in the next step,based on the pollution load and environmental risk value,to provide a reference for the formulation of relevant follow-up treatment plans.
作者
贾晓丹
王晖
徐友宁
JIA Xiaodan;WANG Hui;XU Youning(Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey/Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Hygrogeology Engineering Geology and Enviroment Geology Survey Center,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《西北地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期152-161,共10页
Northwestern Geology
基金
中国地质调查局项目“安康蒿坪河流域石煤矿区生态修复支撑调查与监测”(DD20230457)
陕西省重点研发计划“秦巴山区金属矿产开发引发生态环境污染综合治理关键技术与示范”(2023-ZDLSF-63)联合资助。
关键词
尾矿库
外排水
钼矿
环境风险值
污染贡献率
tailings
effluent wastewater
molybdenum mine
heavy metal element
environmental risk
pollute-contribution rate
