摘要
成都杜甫草堂博物馆藏石碑是极其重要且丰富的一类文物,具有较高的历史、艺术和科学价值。通过现场调查明确草堂石碑的典型病害类型,并以石碑的病害面积为标准评估石碑的病害程度。在此基础上,采用岩相、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和离子色谱(IC)等技术手段对岩石本体和风化产物进行分析,并基于石碑微环境数据对病害的形成机理进行探究。结果显示:草堂石碑以层片状剥落为典型病害,伴随有空鼓、粉化和酥碱等表观病害。石碑为具有层状构造的长石石英砂岩,以硫酸钙为主的可溶盐是产生典型病害的主要原因,仅0.5%的石膏即可诱发层片状剥落,微生物的存在具有辅助作用。可溶盐的潜伏性和活动性对石碑影响极大,亟待进行脱盐或控制微环境等保护工作。同时,研究结果证实拓印这项传统技艺会对石碑造成破坏,建议采用无损的数字化技术作为未来的石碑内容记录方式。
The steles in the collection of Du Fu's Thatched Cottage Museum in Chengdu are highly valued cultural relics,with high significance in historic,artistic and scientific aspects.Based on onsite inspection,pathological analysis of these steles is implemented to evaluate the degree of deterioration according to the area of each type of deterioration on the surface of the steles.The material of steles and their weathering byproducts are detected by technical measures including petrographic analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),micro-Raman spectrometry(Raman)and Ion Chromatography(IC).Study on the cause of deterioration is conducted based on the micro-environmental data of the steles.Typical deterioration of the steles is delamination with detachment,powdering,delamination and disruption on the surrounding areas.Considering these steles are craved on feldspar quartz sandstone,which has a layered structure,the main parameter to cause the typical delamination is the soluble salts,especially calcium sulfate.The trace of calcium sulfate dihydrate(0.5%,gypsum)can contribute to the development of deterioration.The existence of microorganisms may also be the factor in causing deterioration.Furthermore,as the latency and activity of soluble salts are critical factors in the process of deterioration,technical measures of conservation need to be taken urgently,such as desalination and control of the microenvironment.At the same time,our research confirms the damage caused by traditional rubbing craft to the steles,and recommends non-destructive digital technology for the documentation of the content on steles in the future.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2023年第3期106-120,共15页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
关键词
石碑
典型病害
硫酸钙
层片状剥落
Steles
Typical diseases
Calcium sulfate
Delamination
