摘要
在建筑数字技术迅猛发展的趋势下,形与力关联的力学找形设计方法和工具已成为基于性能的建筑设计的驱动力。在回顾由力学驱动的建筑形式设计发展历史的基础上,选取不同尺度的数字建造作品,分析其设计模式和应用技术,阐述基于形式和结构互动关系的力学找形设计过程,探索力学找形逻辑下数字建筑设计和建造的创新方法。
In the development of digital technology in architecture,the design methods and tools of mechanical form-finding that link form and force have become the impetus for performance-based architectural design.Based on structural forces,mechanical form-finding techniques design and achieve optimal structural forms that combine structural efficiency and formal aesthetics.This unified design method combining space,structure,and form has become a fundamental strategy for innovative structural forms.According to a review of the history of mechanics-driven architectural form design,research on mechanical form-finding emerged gradually during the traditional engineering era.Mechanical formfinding methods represented by graphic statics and physical modeling experiments have been widely used in the field of structural form-finding.Both architects and engineers have produced beautiful architectural forms using different combinations of materials and forms with the aid of mechanical form-finding techniques.In the digital age,performancedriven computational design and digital fabrication are combined with computer-aided technology to achieve a continuous design and manufacturing process that includes digital generation,simulation,optimization,and construction through parametric models that integrate multidisciplinary information.Mechanical form-finding methods based on digital information modeling are used to find the form of non-linear complex structures and continuously expand their application ranges in analysis and design of architectural space structures.It has become a leading direction of structural innovation to study and practice digital fabrication based on mechanical form-finding techniques.Based on current research on digital form-finding,three mechanical form-finding techniques suitable for the generation of complex structural forms were applied in recent practices of digital fabrication.In addition,the corresponding mechanical form-finding design patterns and construction methods were proposed based on multi-scale experimental works,which exhibited a design process based on the interactive relationship between form and structure.The first work,the'Iron Heart',is a metal device formed using topology optimization techniques.Millipede was used to analyze the stress distribution in a rigid bending structure.The structural stress lines were transformed into structural reinforcement lines and then rolled into steel plate surfaces.The structural performance was strengthened through pre-stressed steel plate formed to resist torsion and deformation.Moreover,the construction process was optimized using genetic algorithms and digital simulation techniques.The second work,the'Funicular Shell',is a thin funicular shell based on 3D graphic statics techniques.The Thrust Network Approach(TNA)technique analyzes thrust networks and optimizes funicular surfaces by controlling shape and force diagrams.A thrust network that meets the design boundary conditions was generated in the TNA-based RhinoVAULT,which was then transformed into a funicular shell surface.The space of the surface was segmented based on force-flow analysis.In addition,the most efficient digital robot sculpting and construction scheme were determined based on genetic algorithms and software simulations.The third work,the'Tensioned Bamboo Gallery Bridge',is a form-finding of a tensioned bamboo bridge based on the Dynamic Relaxation technique.Physical simulations of the tensegrity forms of various bamboo bridge components were carried out in Kangaroo,and the stable component was determined by moving the structural control nodes to their equilibrium positions.The new tensioned node design schemes and the prefabricated assembly construction modes ensured a high degree of completion of the constructed work.Based on the analysis of the design patterns and application techniques of digital fabrication projects at different scales,a mechanical form-finding logic that integrates structure,form,and material for collaborative design was established.Moreover,innovative methods for digital architectural design and construction based on the mechanical form-finding logic were explored.
作者
张海潮
余光鑫
ZHANG Haichao;YU Guangxin
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期96-106,共11页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51308218):基于数学算法与结构力学协同机制之大跨度复杂结构形态研究。
关键词
形与力
力学找形
参数化建模
计算性设计
数字建造
form and force
mechanical form-finding
parametric modeling
computational design
digital fabrication
