摘要
【目的】具有得天独厚资源优势的东北地区为中国供给了近1/3的商品粮,是国家粮食安全的“压舱石”。厘清东北地区粮食作物覆盖类型空间分布格局,揭示粮食作物覆盖类型与种植模式的时空演变特征及其驱动力,对保护“黑土粮仓”意义重大。【方法】本文基于谷歌地球引擎平台(GEE),结合现有作物覆盖类型产品(2017—2019年)与2019—2021年的主要粮食作物覆盖类型遥感提取结果,综合分析研究区作物覆盖类型与种植模式的时空演变特征,采用地理探测器揭示了种植模式时空演变的驱动机制。【结果】①结合物候信息,基于多特征的随机森林分类法对玉米、大豆和水稻3种粮食作物的提取效果较好。2019年Kappa系数达0.908,取得了较高的分类与面积一致性。②近5年东北地区粮食作物以大豆种植向玉米种植转移为主,豆→米→米、豆→豆→米与米→米→豆演变形式依次占演变总面积的29.4%、24.9%和19.1%。东北地区粮食作物种植模式具有较高的空间异质性,玉米重茬模式、水稻连作模式与豆米重茬偏好轮作模式分别占种植模式总面积的46.2%、23.5%和13.2%。③东北地区种植模式的时空演变受自然和人为因素共同影响。高程、地形湿度指数、坡度、水稻粮价变幅以及大豆粮价变幅为解释种植模式时空演变的重要单因子。高程与经济政策类因子的交互解释力高,由大到小依次为高程∩大豆补贴变幅、高程∩活动积温趋势、高程∩施肥成本变幅、高程∩水稻补贴变幅和高程∩玉米粮价变幅。【结论】2017—2021年东北地区主要粮食作物覆盖类型主要以大豆向玉米转移,水稻保持稳定。不同种植模式的空间格局受地形、经济与政策因素共同驱动。
[Objective]Northeast China,with its unique resources advantages,provides one-third of China’s commodity grain,making it a crucial part of national food security.Analyzing the spatial distribution,spatiotemporal evolution,and driving forces of grain crop cover types and cropping patterns in Northeast China is crucial for preserving the region’s“black soil granary”.[Methods]Based on Google Earth Engine(GEE),this study integrated existing crop cover type product from 2017 to 2019 with remote sensing extraction results of major grain crops from 2019 to 2021,analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of grain crop planting types and cropping patterns,then revealed the driving forces by using geodetector.[Results](1)Using phenological information,a multi-feature random forest classification method was employed to effectively extract three major grain crops:maize,soybean,and rice.In 2019,a high Kappa coefficient of 0.908 was achieved,indicating high classification accuracy and consistency in terms of area.(2)In the past five years,the shifting of grain crops from soybeans to maize has been the dominant trend in Northeast China.The shift types include soybean to maize to maize,soybean to soybean to maize,and maize to maize to soybean,accounting for 29.4%,24.9%,and 19.1% of the total transition area,respectively.The cropping patterns of grain crops in Northeast China exhibit high spatial heterogeneity,with the maize continuous cropping pattern,rice continuous cropping pattern,and soybean-maize continuous-preference rotation pattern accounted for 46.2%,23.5%,and 13.2% of the total cropping patterns area,respectively.(3)The spatiotemporal dynamics of cropping patterns was significantly driven by natural and anthropogenic factors.Elevation,topographic wetness index,slope,rice price fluctuation,and soybean price fluctuation were important single factors that explain the spatiotemporal changes of cropping patterns.The interactive explanatory power of elevation,active accumulated temperature slope,and economic policy factors was high,and in descending order from elevation∩soybean subsidy variation,elevation∩active accumulated temperature slope,elevation∩fertilization cost variation,elevation∩rice subsidy variation,to elevation∩maize price variation.[Conclusion]During the period from 2017 to 2021,there was a notable shift in the major grain crop cover types in Northeast China,characterized by a transition from soybean to maize,while rice cultivation remained consistent.The spatial distribution of different cropping patterns was influenced by a combination of factors including topography,economy,and policy.
作者
杨喆
褚琳
肖燚彬
王晨
谭婉怡
王天巍
蔡崇法
YANG Zhe;CHU Lin;XIAO Yibin;WANG Chen;TAN Wanyi;WANG Tianwei;CAI Chongfa(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期966-979,共14页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500703)。
关键词
作物覆盖类型
时空演变
种植模式
影响因素
东北地区
crop cover type
spatiotemporal dynamic
cropping pattern
driving factor
Northeast China
