摘要
合同解除权和代位权均存在复杂多元的类型,债权人能否代位行使合同解除权,不能一概而论。在一般法定解除权中,当债务人合同目的已经终局地不能实现时,原则上应当允许债权人代位解除合同,但债务人对继续维持合同存续仍有正当利益时不可以代位;当债务人合同目的尚未终局不能实现时,是否允许债权人代位行使解除权,需要结合合同迟延时间、双方实际履行意愿和能力、解除对当事人利益的影响等因素综合判断。只满足约定解除权要件,不宜允许债权人代位行使解除权。任意解除权中是否解除合同取决于债务人意愿,原则上不允许债权人代位行使,但也存在一些例外。情势变更中的申请解除权、给付请求权被排除时债务人的申请终止权行使通常有利于债务人责任财产的增加,应当允许债权人代位。在特定物一物数卖中,应允许债权人以实现特定债权为目的代位行使解除权。同时,债权人代位行使解除权,还需要区分实行行为和保存行为,分别适用《民法典》第535条和536条的构成要件。
There are complex and diversified types of both contractual discharge and subrogation,and whether creditors can subrogate to exercise the right of contractual discharge cannot be generalized.In the general legal right of rescission,when the debtor's purpose of the contract has been final can not be realized,in principle,should be allowed to subrogate the creditor to rescind the contract,but the debtor to continue to maintain the survival of the contract still has a legitimate interest in the subrogation is not allowed;when the debtor's purpose of the contract has not yet been final can not be realized,whether to allow creditors to subrogate to the exercise of the right of rescission,the need to combine the contract delay,the two sides of the actual performance of the willingness and ability to rescind the contract to the interests of the parties and other factors.The impact on the interests of the parties and other factors.It is not appropriate to allow creditors to subrogate to the right of discharge if only the elements of the agreed right of discharge are satisfied.Whether or not to dissolve the contract depends on the debtor's will,and in principle,the creditor is not allowed to exercise the right of subrogation,but there are some exceptions.The debtor's application to terminate the right to discharge in a change of circumstances,the right to claim payment is excluded when the debtor's application to terminate the exercise of the right is usually conducive to the debtor's liability for the increase in the property,the creditor should be allowed to subrogate.In a sale of particulars in rem,creditors should be allowed to be subrogated to the right of discharge for the purpose of realizing claims.At the same time,the subrogation of creditors to exercise the right of discharge also needs to distinguish between the act of implementation and the act of preservation and apply the constituent elements of Article 535 and 536 of the Civil Code respectively.
出处
《新疆社会科学》
CSSCI
2023年第4期90-101,155,共13页
Social Sciences in Xinjiang
关键词
债权人代位权
解除权
责任财产保全
代位权客体
Creditor Subrogation
Right of Discharge
Liability Property Preservation
Subrogation Object
