摘要
与其他世界遗产相比,我国的文化与自然双遗产体现出显著的文化与自然相融合的特点。源于我国自然条件的丰富多样性和历史文化的久远连续性,“天人合一”的哲学思想与人格化的自然审美为文化与自然双遗产的诞生提供了思想哲学基础。自然为文化提供源泉和素材,文化为自然提供保护和影响力,自然与文化资源相互融合、渗透,使双遗产在历史发展过程中衍生出特殊的精神文化功能,成为中国历史上思想的载体、精神的家园、文明的史诗,为中华文明的传承和发展贡献了生态伦理和文化智慧。在大力推进生态文明建设的背景下,双遗产应作为美丽中国的窗口、和谐发展的典范、文化自信的载体、文明互鉴的使者,担负起新的时代功能。
As a relatively special type of world heritage site with high nomination requirements,there are few mixed heritage sites worldwide.With a total of four mixed heritage sites each,China and Australia rank equal first in the world.Compared with other types of world heritage sites,two aspects of China's mixed heritage sites reflect their significant integration of culture and nature.First,from the perspective of heritage criteria,the cultural aesthetics and natural landscapes of China's mixed heritage sites enhance their beauty.Thus,these sites not only nurture the natural landscape,but also form unique cultural traditions and philosophical ideas that can be inherited continuously.Second,these mixed heritage sites combine cultural landscapes with natural heritage.Hence,these sites not only have"outstanding universal values"based on their natural and cultural values,but they are also closely connected and integrated with each other.According to the rich diversity of natural conditions and long-standing historical continuity of Chinese culture,the philosophical idea of"unity of heaven and humanity"and personalized natural aesthetics provide a philosophical foundation for the mixed cultural and natural heritage of these sites.Nature supplies sources and cultural materials in addition to providing a solid foundation for the development of philosophy,religion,and art.The influence of culture simultaneously protects nature on multiple levels,including royalty,local governments,and civil society,by promoting the continuous development and evolution of natural values.The mutual integration and infiltration of these natural and cultural resources have led mixed heritage sites to acquire special spiritual and cultural functions in the process of historical development by becoming carriers of thought and spiritual homes that reflect historical epochs of Chinese civilization.These aesthetics are not only reflected in the ancient Chinese people's understanding of heaven and world according to the essence of natural landscapes,universal or national perspectives,value systems,and outlooks on life,but are also reflected in the fact that emperors,literati,or ordinary people could obtain spiritual comfort and meet their needs by being in natural landscapes.In addition,these aesthetics have contributed ecological ethics and cultural wisdom to the inherited cultural knowledge and development of Chinese civilization.In the context of vigorously promoting the reform of an ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China,mixed heritage sites function as a window to China's natural beauty,a model for harmonious development,a carrier of cultural confidence,and an ambassador for mutual learning to shoulder the functions of our new era of civilization.
作者
陈耀华
秦芳
CHEN Yaohua;QIN Fang(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Peking University Planning and Design Institute(Beijing)Co.Ltd,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第7期26-35,共10页
Tourism Tribune
关键词
双遗产
世界遗产
文化与自然的融合
精神文化功能
mixed heritage
world heritage
integration of culture and nature
spiritual and cultural function
