摘要
西沙群岛珊瑚礁鱼类资源极其丰富,由于栖息地退化和过度捕捞影响,鱼类资源衰退显著。近年来西沙珊瑚礁鱼类研究呈指数增加,成为海洋鱼类新的研究热点区域。截止目前,西沙共发现777种珊瑚礁鱼类,隶属于2纲26目101科308属;有50种鱼类被列入IUCN红色名录,其中有74%是软骨鱼类,大型鱼类占比高达92%,建议应优先保护西沙大型鱼类,特别是软骨鱼类。不同岛礁鱼类群落差异明显,可分为永乐群岛和宣德群岛两个鱼类群落;不同水深区域鱼类也差异显著,可区分为5 m以浅的浅水型鱼类群落、5~10 m的中等水深型鱼类群落和10 m以上的深水型鱼类群落,浅水和中等水深型鱼类群落以小型鱼类为主,深水型鱼类群落以中大型鱼类为主。西沙群岛鱼类资源量丰富,评估超过20000 t,可捕资源量超过10000 t。从时间尺度上看,西沙珊瑚礁鱼类密度呈波浪式显著下降,从2005年最高的310 ind·100 m^(-2)下降到2021年的146.7 ind·100 m^(-2);鱼类更替明显,从以肉食性为主演替到以植食性为主;礁栖性鱼类消亡,鱼类小型化,性成熟个体变小,性比发生了显著变化等。基于以上结果,提出了西沙珊瑚礁鱼类保护和管理办法,以期实现西沙渔业资源的可持续发展。
Fish resources of Xisha Islands are extremely rich,which have declined significantly due to habitat degeneration and overfishing.In recent years,researches on Xisha coral reef fishes have increased exponentially,as a new research hot spot in marine fishes.Up to now,a total of 777 coral reef fish species have been found in Xisha,belonging to 2 classes,26 orders,101 families,and 308 genera.A total of 50 fish species had been listed in the IUCN Red List,of which 74%were cartilaginous fish.The proportion of large fish was as high as 92%,so priority should be given to protecting the large fish in the Xisha Islands,especially the cartilaginous fish.The fish communi-ties of different coral reefs had obvious differences,which could be divided into two fish communities:Yongle Islands and Xuande Islands.There were also significant differences in fish species of different water depth,which could be divided into shallow-water fish communities below 5 m,medium-depth fish communities of 5-10 m,and deep-water fish communities above 10 m.Shallow water and medium-depth fish communities were dominated by small fish,whereas deep-water fish communities were dominated by medium and large fish.Fish resources of Xisha Island are estimated to be more than 20000 t,with the catchable resources exceeding 10000 t.From the perspective of temporal scale,the density of Xisha coral reef fish had significantly decreased in a fluctuating way,from a peak of 310 ind·100 m^(-2) in 2005 to 146.7 ind·100 m^(-2) in 2021.The dominant fish group type in Xisha coral reef fish community had changed from carnivorous fish to herbivorous fish.Furthermore,the reef-dependent fish disap-peared,fish miniaturized,sexually mature individuals became smaller,and sex ratios changed significantly.Accordingly,we proposed the measures for the protection and management of coral reef fish,to achieve sustainable development of fishery resources in Xisha Islands.
作者
王腾
石娟
于洋飞
赵金发
肖雅元
刘永
李纯厚
WANG Teng;SHI Juan;YU Yangfei;ZHAO Jinfa;XIAO Yayuan;LIU Yong;LI Chunhou(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environ-ment,Guangzhou 510300,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province/Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,Hainan,China;Sansha Marine Protected Area Administration,Sansha 573100,Hainan,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1755-1763,共9页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900803)
海南省自然科学基金(322CXTD530,322MS153)
农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021)
广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD16)
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD04,2019TS28)资助。
关键词
西沙群岛
岛礁
珊瑚礁渔业
过度捕捞
演替
Xisha Islands
islands and reefs
coral reef fisheries
overfishing
succession
