摘要
以籼型两系杂交水稻和两优55为试验材料,设置2个不同施氮水平(N1120.0 kg/hm^(2)、N2225.0 kg/hm^(2))和3种基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例(W_(1)5∶5、W_(2)7∶3、W_(3)8∶2),研究施氮量与氮肥运筹对和两优55产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与N_(1)相比,增施氮肥(N_(2))显著提高了和两优55的有效穗数和每穗实粒数,从而使产量显著增加21.6%;同时显著提高了精米率、粒长、硬度、黏度、蛋白质及氨基酸含量,但对其他产量构成因子和品质指标无显著影响。不同氮肥运筹模式下,有效穗数、结实率均随穗粒肥施用比例的减少而增加,每穗实粒数随之减少,而产量先增加后降低,其中W_(2)的产量较W_(1)和W_(3)分别提高5.6%~6.0%、7.7%~8.0%;精米率、外观、口感、综合评分以及必需氨基酸含量均表现为W_(2)高于W_(1)和W_(3),垩白粒率和垩白度表现为W_(2)低于W_(1)和W_(3),而硬度、黏度、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量表现为W_(2)居于W_(1)和W_(3)之间。除稻米外观品质外,施氮量与氮肥运筹的互作效应对产量及其他品质指标无显著影响。可见,适宜的穗粒肥施用比例在保证杂交中籼稻高产的同时,也有利于改善稻米品质;氮肥在基蘖肥、穗粒肥施用比例为7∶3时,可以实现产量和稻米品质的协同提高。
Using the two-line indica hybrid rice Heliangyou 55 as the material,two nitrogen application rates(N1120 kg/hm^(2),N2225 kg/hm^(2))and three application ratios of basal&tillering fertilizer to panicle&grain fertilizer(W_(1)5∶5,W_(2)7∶3,W_(3)8∶2)were set to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application regime on the yield and grain quality of Heliangyou 55.The results showed that compared with N_(1),increasing nitrogen fertilizer(N_(2))significantly increased the number of effective panicles and the number of filled grains per panicle of Heliangyou 55,thereby significantly increasing the yield by 21.6%.At the same time,the milled rice rate,grain length,hardness,viscosity,protein and amino acid content were significantly increased,but there was not a significant effect on other yield components and grain quality traits.Under different nitrogen application regimes,with the reduction of the application ratio of panicle&grain fertilizer,the number of effective panicles and seed setting rate increased but the number of filled grains per panicle decreased,while the yield first increased and then decreased.Among them,the yield of W_(2) increased by 5.6%~6.0%and 7.7%~8.0%,respectively,compared with W_(1) and W_(3).W_(2) was higher in milled rice rate,appearance,taste,comprehensive score and essential amino acid content,and W_(2) was lower in chalky grain rate and chalkiness,while W_(2) was between W_(1) and W_(3) in hardness,viscosity,amylose content and protein content.Except for the appearance quality of rice,the interaction effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application regime had no significant effect on yield and other quality indexes.In conclusion,the appropriate panicle&grain fertilizer application ratio can not only ensure the high yield of indica hybrid rice,but also improve the quality of rice.When the application ratio of basal&tillering fertilizer to panicle&grain fertilizer is 7∶3,the yield and rice quality can be coordinately improved.
作者
李诚
严小兵
王安乐
李洁
王少希
LI Cheng;YAN Xiaobing;WANG Anle;LI Jie;WANG Shaoxi(Changsha Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410003,China)
出处
《杂交水稻》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期128-133,共6页
Hybrid Rice
关键词
杂交籼稻
施氮量
氮肥运筹
产量
稻米品质
indica hybrid rice
nitrogen application rate
nitrogen application regime
yield
grain quality
