摘要
本文采用陈会昌气质量表,对山西省55名射击射箭运动员进行测试,结果显示,山西省射击射箭运动员有11种气质类型,以粘液质、抑郁质、多血质为主;气质类型在性别、运动等级、运动年限上不存在显著差异,在运动项目中,射箭运动员“多血-粘液-抑郁质”显著高于射击运动员。结果表明,山西省射击射箭运动员气质类型比较多样,包括单一气质类型,两种、三种以及四种气质类型的混合类型。以单一气质类型为主,且粘液质气质类型居多,抑郁质和多血质其次,粘液质有稳重、沉着的一面,抑郁质有细致、深刻的一面,多血质有乐观、灵活、适应能力强的一面,这些都是射击射箭项目需要的特质,可为训练和运动员选材提供参考。虽然不存在统计学意义上的显著差异,但是优秀、训练年限长的射击射箭运动员,在粘液质气质类型的各种特征中表现比较突出。建议在日常训练和比赛中,要充分发挥运动员气质特征上的优势,同时也要有意识地弥补其不足,真正做到因材施教。
Using the Chen Huichang Temperament Scale,a test was conducted on 55 shooting and archery athletes from Shanxi Province.The results showed that there are 1l temperament types among the athletes,with phlegmatic,depressive,and sanguine temperaments being the most prominent.There were no significant differences in temperament types based on gender,athletic level,or years of experience.However,in terms of sports disciplines,archery athletes exhibited significantly higher sanguine-phlegmatic-depressive temperaments compared to shooting athletes.The findings indicate that shooting and archery athletes in Shanxi Province exhibit diverse temperament types,including single temperament types,combinations of two,three,or four temperament types.Phlegmatic temperament is the most prevalent,followed by depressive and sanguine temperaments.Phlegmatic temperament represents stability and composure,depressive temperament reflects meticulousness and depth,and sanguine temperament embodies optimism,adaptability,and flexibility.These traits align with the requirements of shooting and archery sports and can provide insights for training and athlete selection.While there were no statistically significant differences,outstanding athletes with extensive training experience demonstrated notable characteristics associated with the phlegmatic temperament.It is recommended to fully leverage the advantages of athletes temperament traits while consciously addressing any shortcomings,allowing for tailored coaching methods.
作者
张海莉
Zhang Haili(Shanxi Institute of Sports Science,Taiyuan 030012,China)
出处
《体育科技文献通报》
2023年第7期15-17,共3页
Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology
基金
山西省体育局科研课题(项目编号:19TY106)。
关键词
射击射箭运动员
气质类型
分布特点
shooting and archery athlete
temperament type
distribution characteristic
