摘要
【目的】基于水肥一体化技术,研究了3种水溶性磷肥随水滴施条件下棉田土壤有效磷含量的时空动态分布,比较了不同磷肥对棉花生长、产量和磷肥利用率的影响,为滴灌棉田磷肥合理施用提供参考。【方法】于2020和2021年在新疆石河子进行田间试验,设不施磷肥(P0)和分别施用磷酸一铵(MAP)、磷酸(AP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)4个处理。在一个灌水施肥周期(7天)内,每天测定滴头两侧0—10 cm宽和滴头下0—40 cm深土壤有效磷含量。在棉花蕾期、初花期、盛花期和吐絮期,测定棉花植株干物质量、全磷含量和籽棉产量,同时取土样测定有效磷含量。【结果】在一个灌水施肥周期内(7天),3种滴施磷肥主要分布在滴头两侧0—5 cm宽和0—15 cm深的范围内。施肥后第1~3天,AP处理的土壤有效磷含量最高;第5~7天,APP处理的土壤有效磷含量最高。施用3种磷肥均显著提高了0—40 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,AP处理在棉花生长前期(蕾期)的土壤有效磷含量高于MAP和APP处理,APP处理在棉花生长中后期(盛花期—吐絮期)的土壤有效磷含量高于AP和MAP处理。棉花吐絮期总干物质量以APP处理最高,其次是MAP和AP处理,分别较P0增加了19.2%~29.5%、10.6%~20.4%和11.0%~19.8%;APP处理又较MAP、AP处理分别增加7.5%~7.8%和7.8%~8.1%。滴施3种磷肥均显著提高了棉花产量、磷素利用率、磷肥回收率和磷肥农学效率,增加幅度均以APP处理最高,其棉花产量较MAP和AP处理分别增加了3.2%~7.7%和5.6%~6.0%,磷素利用率较MAP处理显著增加了10.9%~18.4%,APP处理较MAP和AP处理磷肥回收率分别增加了43.2%~60.3%和12.0%~37.5%,磷肥农学效率分别增加了12.9%~47.4%和24.2%~34.4%。【结论】在同一灌水周期内,3种磷肥均分布在滴头两侧5 cm宽和15 cm深的土壤中,APP提升土壤有效磷含量的速率慢于AP。滴施磷酸和磷酸一铵在棉花蕾期的土壤有效磷含量高于APP,而在棉花盛花期—吐絮期正相反,因而滴施APP较磷酸和磷酸一铵可更有效促进棉花生殖器官生长和养分吸收,进而提高产量和磷肥利用率。
【Objective】We compared the distribution of commonly used water-soluble P fertilizers in soils within a fertigation cycle(7 days),and the soil available P content at different cotton growth stages,aiming to provide a reference for the rational application of P fertilizer in drip irrigation cotton fields.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021.Four treatments were set up,including:no P fertilizer(P0),and applying mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP),phosphoric acid(AP)and ammonium polyphosphate(APP).The horizontal and vertical distribution of P fertilizers was determined every day within a fertigation cycle(7 days).At the squaring,initial flowering,full flowering and boll opening stage,0−60 cm soil samples were collected for 0−40 cm soil.AP treatment had higher soil available P than MAP and APP treatment at the bud stage,and APP treatment had higher available P at flowering to boll opening stage of cotton.P treatments significantly increased the total dry matter weight of cotton,APP treatment exhibited the highest dry matter at boll opening stage,which was 7.5%−7.8%and 7.8%−8.1%higher than MAP and AP treatment,respectively.APP also showed the best effect on cotton yield,P use efficiency,P recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency,its cotton yield was 3.2%−7.7%and 5.6%−6.0%higher than MAP and AP,P use efficiency was 10.9%−18.4%higher than MAP,P recovery efficiency was 43.2%−60.3%and 12.0%−37.5%higher,and agronomic efficiency was 12.9%−47.4%and 24.2%−34.4%higher than MAP and AP treatment,respectively.【Conclusions】MAP and AP are more effective in increasing soil available P at squaring stage,while APP is more effective at the middle and late growth stages of cotton,so APP is more effective than MAP and AP to promote the growth of cotton reproductive organs and nutrient uptake,and thus improve the yield and P use efficiency.
作者
刘少华
刘凯
廖欢
甘浩天
侯振安
LIU Shao-hua;LIU Kai;LIAO Huan;GAN Hao-tian;HOU Zhen-an(Agricultural College,Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Group,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1323-1332,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800800)。
关键词
棉花
生育期
水溶性磷肥
土壤有效磷分布
产量
磷肥利用效率
cotton
growth stage
yield
water-soluble P fertilizer
soil available P
P distribution in soil
