摘要
以地铁为代表的城市轨道交通建设对疏解中心城区人口集聚压力、提升近郊区域公共服务水平具有十分重要的意义。本文基于天津市第六次、第七次全国人口普查街道(乡镇)一级的空间尺度数据,采用Dagum基尼系数测度人口空间分布集聚度,构建空间计量模型检验地铁建设对天津市人口空间分布的影响效应。研究发现:(1)天津市人口空间分布正在由以中心城区为单中心的集聚模式向以中心城区、环城四区和滨海新区为多中心的集聚模式优化;(2)基于距离波段的计量模型检验揭示,地铁建设对城市人口空间分布存在扩散效应,且呈现出区域异质性特点;(3)与已有国外城市研究结果不同,天津市新建地铁站点对人口集聚的辐射范围具有区域异质性,环城四区新建地铁站点比中心城区新建地铁站对人口集聚的辐射范围更远。本研究不仅为天津市加快打造“津城”“滨城”双城发展格局的建设目标提供政策建议,也为超大城市完善城市轨道交通建设、推动以人为核心的新型城镇化发展提供新的例证和思考。
The construction of urban rail transit,mainly subways,is of great significance in relieving the pressure of overpopulated urban downtown areas and improving the level of public services in suburban areas.Based on Tianjin’s spatial data at the subdistrict(township)scale from the 6th and 7th national population censuses,the paper uses the Dagum Gini coefficient to measure the degree of spatial distribution of the population and constructs a spatial metrological model to test the effect of rail transit construction on the spatial distribution of Tianjin’s population.Results show the following trends:(a)shifting from single-center distribution in the downtown area to multi-center distribution including the downtown area,four suburban districts around the city,and the Binhai New District;(b)rail transit construction has a diffusion effect on population distribution,whose impact varies from district to district according to distance-based econometric model;(c)different from the results of overseas studies,the population gathering effect of newly built subway stations in the four suburban districts in Tianjin is bigger than those built in the downtown area.Besides providing policy suggestions for Tianjin to speed up the integration of its downtown area and Binhai New Area,the paper also provides new examples and reflections for the megacity to improve urban rail transit construction and promote people-oriented urbanization development.
出处
《城市观察》
2023年第4期80-95,162,共17页
Urban Insight
基金
天津市第七次全国人口普查研究课题“天津市人口空间分布与优化布局研究”(TJRKPCKT11)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
地铁建设
人口集聚
多中心空间结构
廊道效应
Dagum基尼系数
rail transit construction
population agglomeration
polycentric spatial structure
corridor effect
Dagum Gini coefficient
