摘要
人们对环境的认知经历了从“征服”到“保护”的转变,认知的转变带来了环境犯罪本质和惩罚范围的转型与扩张。在这种转型与过渡时期,增加部分环境犯罪和提升部分环境犯罪的法定刑是正当的,也是应当的。将“重大环境污染事故罪”修正为“污染环境罪”开启了对环境法益保护的刑法处罚早期化。环境犯罪刑法处罚早期化具有从“个罪早期化”向“全面早期化”发展的可能和正当性,也具有过度扩张和过度犯罪化的风险。应当避免将强化环境保护简单化为刑法上的犯罪化,遏制通过将环境违法行为犯罪化的程度彰显对环境保护态度和力度的倾向。对环境犯罪所侵害的法益不能建构的过于抽象和精神化,避免环境法益成为抽象的存在,避免环境犯罪刑法处罚早期化的刑事政策对个案的影响,明确犯罪化标准,建构环境犯罪惩罚效果的优化机制。
People's understanding of the environment has undergone a transformation from“conquest”to“protection”,which has led to the transformation of the scope of punishment for environmental crimes.The earlier criminal law intervention on environment crime is a kind of rightful amendment after we have a scientific understanding of the legal interests of environmental crime.It is possible that the earlier criminal law intervention on environment crime can develop from individual environment crime to all environment crime.We should curb the tendency to demonstrate attitudes towards environmental protection by criminalizing environmental violations,define the essence of environmental legal interest in detail to avoid it becoming an abstract existence,restrict the influence of the earlier criminal law intervention on individual case,clarify the standards of criminal justice of environmental crime to refine the standards of criminalization and construct an optimized mechanism for the punishment effect of environmental crimes.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期59-71,共13页
Law Science
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“刑罚处罚早期化的限制与理论应对研究”(项目批准号:18BFX106)的阶段性成果
南开大学亚洲研究中心2021年度资助项目“环境犯罪惩罚最优化机制研究”(项目批准号:AS2102)的阶段性成果。
关键词
环境犯罪
污染环境罪
环境法益抽象化
刑法处罚早期化
environmental crime
crime of polluting environment
abstraction of environmental legal interests
the earlier criminal law intervention
