摘要
明确不同菜用大豆在青海西宁地区的种植适应性和感官品质,筛选出适合该区种植的菜用大豆品种,可为改善当地的菜用大豆种植方式提供理论依据。以4个菜用大豆品种为试验材料,其中开科源5号和开科源8号短日性弱,苏成4号和浙农11号短日性强,采用起垄覆黑色地膜栽培,种植密度均设8、16、24和32株/m^(2)计4个处理,研究了不同种植密度对菜用大豆农艺性状的影响,并对各品种最适种植密度下的鲜荚特性和感官品质进行了评价。结果表明:与原产地相比,4个品种达到鲜荚采收期的历时和生育期均延长。不同品种鲜荚产量达到最高的种植密度不同,其中,开科源5号和开科源8号均在32株/m^(2)时鲜荚产量最高,分别为1.93和2.81 kg/m^(2);苏成4号种在24株/m^(2)、浙农11号在16株/m^(2)时鲜荚产量最高,分别为2.59和4.11kg/m^(2)。主成分分析结果显示,开科源5号和开科源8号具有较高的鲜荚特性,植株矮,产量适中。感官品质评价结果显示,开科源5号和苏成4号的甜度、香气、外观、质地和口感得分较高且均在81~100分,开科源8号的口感品质最低。开科源5号最适在青海西宁地区进行推广种植,可实现一年两熟,且当种植密度为32株/m^(2)时鲜荚特性和口感俱佳;浙农11号鲜荚特性和口感适中,但产量较高,也适宜进行推广,在种植密度为16株/m^(2)时实现一年一熟。
Clarifying the planting adaptability and sensory qualities of different vegetable soybeans in Xining,Qinghai,and selecting suitable vegetable soybean varieties for this area can provide theoretical basis for improving the local vegetable soybean planting methods.Four vegetable soybean varieties were used as experimental materials,among which Kaikeyuan No.5 and Kaikeyuan No.8 have weak short day characteristics,while Sucheng No.4 and Zhenong No.11 have strong short day characteristics.Ridge covering with black plastic film was used for cultivation,with planting densities of 8,16,24,and 32 plants/m^(2).The effects of different planting densities on the agronomic characteristics of vegetable soybean were studied,and the fresh pod characteristics and sensory qualities of each variety were evaluated under the optimal planting density.The results showed that compared with the origin,the duration reaching the fresh pod harvesting period and growth period of the four varieties were extended.Different varieties had different planting densities for the highest fresh pod yield.Among them,Kaikeyuan No.5 and Kaikeyuan No.8 had the highest fresh pod yield at 32 plants/m^(2),with 1.93 and 2.81 kg/m^(2),respectively.Sucheng No.4 had the highest fresh pod yield at 24 plants/m^(2),and Zhenong No.11 had the highest fresh pod yield at 16 plants/m^(2),with 2.59 and 4.11 kg/m^(2),respectively.The principal component analysis results showed that Kaikeyuan No.5 and Kaikeyuan No.8 had higher fresh pod characteristics,shorter plants,and moderate yield.The sensory qualities evaluation results showed that Kaikeyuan No.5 and Sucheng No.4 had higher scores for sweetness,aroma,appearance,texture,and taste,both ranging from 81 to 100 points.Kaikeyuan No.8 had the lowest taste qualities.Kaikeyuan No.5 is most suitable for promotion and planting in Xining,which can achieve two crops a year.When the planting density is 32 plants/m^(2),the fresh pod characteristics and taste are both excellent.The characteristics and taste of the fresh pods of Zhenong No.11 are moderate,but the yield is high,which is also suitable for promotion.It can achieve one ripening per year at a planting density of 16 plants/m^(2).
作者
代慧敏
刘思雨
李晋亚
支欢欢
DAI Hui-min;LIU Si-yu;LI Ji-ya;ZHI Huan-huan(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University/Qinghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Yifangyuan Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Guide 811799,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2023年第4期42-49,共8页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
青海省海南藏族自治州科技计划项目(2022-KC01-C)
青海省西宁市科技计划项目(2022-Y-21)。
关键词
菜用大豆
农艺性状
产量
鲜荚性状
感官品质
Vegetable soybean
Agronomic traits
Yield
Fresh pod characteristics
Sensory qualities
