摘要
人工智能发展带来的“技术红利”为企业实现绿色治理提供了新的模式,提高了企业对生产经营过程中污染物排放的治理能力,形成了企业污染减排的新生动力源泉。对此,该研究结合中国工业企业污染排放数据库、中国工业企业数据库和国际机器人联合会的机器人数据库,系统分析人工智能发展对企业污染排放的影响。研究发现:人工智能发展显著降低了企业的污染排放;人工智能发展产生了“机器代人”的现象,发挥了智能减排的优势,进而对不同企业的污染排放带来了异质性的影响。机制检验表明,用工成本削减效应、绿色技术创新效应、管理效率提升效应是人工智能影响企业污染减排的具体机制,并从生产末端治理、生产前端控制、生产流程管理上实现企业减排。进一步,在考虑核心指标衡量方式、经济体量和发展政策、政策冲击影响和内生性问题等稳健性分析后,人工智能发展依然具有显著的污染减排作用,并促进了企业生产结构的优化。上述研究结论表明,人工智能为绿色产业和传统产业之间的技术交流提供了快速的通道,人工智能发展能够有效改善企业生产结构,促进绿色技术融入企业的生产流程中,极大降低了企业的污染排放,提高了企业对自然环境的友好程度,因此政府部门应聚焦人工智能发展领域,把握“智能热”浪潮的契机,积极引导各行业与人工智能产业相融合,推动产业结构转型,扩大人工智能发展产生的环保效益,为构建绿色生态和经济增长的双赢发展格局奠定基础。
The‘technical dividend’brought by the development of artificial intelligence provides a new mode for firms to achieve green governance,improves their ability to control pollutant emissions in the production and operation processes,and becomes a new source of power for enterprise pollution reduction.This study combined the Chinese industrial pollution emission database,the Chinese industrial enterprise database,and the robot database of the International Federation of Robotics to systematically study the impact of the development of artificial intelligence on enterprise pollution emissions.It was found that the development of artificial intelligence significantly reduced enterprise pollution emissions.The development of artificial intelligence produced the phenomenon of‘machine replacing labor’and brought the advantages of intelligent emission reduction.The mechanism test showed that labor cost reduction effect,green technology innovation effect,and management efficiency improvement effect were the specific mechanisms of artificial intelligence affecting enterprise pollution reduction.Furthermore,after considering the robustness analysis of core index measurement methods,economic volume and development policies,policy impact,and endogenous problems,the development of artificial intelligence could still produce significant pollution reduction.This study showed that artificial intelligence provided a fast channel for technical exchanges between green industries and traditional industries.The development of artificial intelligence could effectively improve firms’production structures,greatly reduce the cost of pollution emissions,and increase firm’s friendliness to the natural environment.Therefore,relevant government departments should focus on the field of artificial intelligence development,seize the opportunity of the‘intelligence boom,’promote industrial structure transformation,and expand the promotion of artificial intelligence,in order to create a winwin development pattern of green ecology and economic growth.
作者
金祥义
张文菲
JIN Xiangyi;ZHANG Wenfei(School of Economics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期138-145,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“数字金融驱动中国企业出口价值链升级的机制和政策研究”(批准号:72203083)
甘肃省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“数字金融发展推动甘肃省出口贸易高质量增长的影响研究”(批准号:2022YB022)
甘肃省基础研究计划-软科学专项“人工智能促进甘肃省污染治理提效的机理研究:作用依据与政策分析”(批准号:23JRZA373)。
关键词
人工智能
企业污染排放
污染治理
数字技术
artificial intelligence
enterprise pollution emission
pollution control
digital technology
