摘要
为防治贝类养殖池中浒苔暴发,研究了不同密度点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)与文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)混养对鱼、贝生长和肌肉营养的影响。实验设置5个点篮子鱼密度:0尾·m^(-3)(T0,对照组)、10尾·m^(-3)(T1)、30尾·m^(-3)(T2)、50尾·m^(-3)(T3)、70尾·m^(-3)(T4),分别与文蛤混养,实验周期56d。结果显示,生长方面:1)点篮子鱼:T1组终末体质量、增重率均显著高于T4组(P<0.05);4个试验组中,T1组特定生长率、摄食率和增重率均最高,且饲料系数显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);T1组脏体比显著高于T3、T4组(P<0.05),但与T2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)文蛤:各组文蛤存活率、终末体质量及增重率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。肌肉营养方面:1)点篮子鱼:T3、T4组点篮子鱼肌肉总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于T1、T2组(P<0.05);T3组必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高。2)文蛤:T2组总氨基酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);除对照组外,必需氨基酸组成中各类氨基酸含量随点篮子鱼养殖密度的升高呈现先升后降的趋势。实验结果表明,点篮子鱼放养密度在10~30尾·m^(-3)时最利于鱼生长,密度50尾·m^(-3)时鱼肌肉营养品质最佳;对文蛤来说,点篮子鱼密度30尾·m^(-3)时,既能控制贝类养殖池中浒苔的生长,又能让文蛤肌肉营养品质最佳。
In order to prevent and control the outbreak of Enteromorpha prolifera in shellfish ponds,we studied the effects of polyculture of Siganus guttatu with different densities and Meretirx meretrix on their growth and muscle nutrition.The density of Siganus guttatus was set as 0 ind·m^(-3)(T0,control),10 ind·m^(-3)(T1),30 ind·m^(-3)(T2),50 ind·m^(-3)(T3),70 ind·m^(-3)(T4)mixed with M.meretrix.The experimental period was 56 d.The results of growth were as follows:1)Siganus guttatus:the final body weight and weight gain rate of Siganus guttatus in T1 were significantly higher than those of T4(P<0.05).The specific growth rate,weight gain rate and feed rate of T1 were the highest in 4 experimental groups,and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that of other three groups(P<0.05).The viseraosomatic index of T1 was significantly higher than that of T3 and T4 groups(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between T1 and T2(P>0.05).2)M.meretrix:there was no significant difference in survival rate,final body weight and weight gain rate among all groups.The results of muscle nutrition were as follows:1)Siganus guttatus:with the increase of density,the crude lipid content first decreased and then increased.The crude lipid and crude protein contents in T3 were significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05),and the crude protein content in T4 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).With the increase of density,ash content first increased and then decreased,and reached the highest in T3.The total amino acid contents in muscle of T3 and T4 were significantly higher than those of T1 and T2(P<0.05).From the perspective of EAAI,the composition of essential amino acids in muscle of S.guttatus in T3 was better than that of other three experimental groups.2)M.meretrix:the crude protein content of T2 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the ash content of T2 was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).The contents of moisture and crude lipid in muscle of M.meretrix in group T4 were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).The total amino acid content in muscle of T2 was significantly higher than that of T1,T3 and T4(P<0.05).But there was no significant difference between T2 and T0(P>0.05).Glutamic acid content in each group was higher than other delicious amino acids.The contents of aspartic acid,glutamic acid and alanine first increased and then decreased with the increase of fish density,and the highest content was found in T2.Glycine content was the highest in T4.The contents of cystine and histidine in T2 were the highest.For non-essential amino acid composition,the content of serine in T2 was higher than that of other groups.The contents of tyrosine and proline in the control group were higher than those of other groups.Except for the control group,the contents of all kinds of essential amino acids increased first and then decreased with the increase of fish density.The content of leucine in each group was higher than that of other essential amino acids.The threonine content in T2 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).The contents of valine,methionine,isoleucine,leucine and lysine were the highest in the control group.The content of phenylalanine was the highest in T0 and T2.Lysine score was the highest in T0,T1,T2 and T3.From the perspective of EAAI,the composition of essential amino acids in T2 was superior to that of other 3 experimental groups.The results showed that different densities of Siganus guttatus had different effects on the growth,feeding and muscle nutrient composition of shellfish.For Siganus guttatus,the stocking density of 10-30 ind·m^(-3)was the most beneficial to its growth,and the nutrient quality of muscle in 50 ind·m^(-3)group was the best.The stocking density of Siganus guttatus had no obvious effect on the growth of M.meretrix.When the stocking density of Siganus guttatus was 30 ind·m^(-3),it could not only control the growth of Enterentera prolifera in the shellfish culture tank,but also make the nutrient quality in the muscle of M.meretrix the best.Farmers can put the appropriate density of Siganus guttatus according to their own needs.
作者
李琪
孙艳秋
刘鉴毅
杨俊
庄平
赵峰
黄晓荣
冯广朋
秦博
LI Qi;SUN Yanqiu;LIU Jianyi;YANG Jun;ZHUANG Ping;ZHAO Feng;HUANG Xiaorong;FENG Guangpeng;QIN Bo(National Demonstration Center for Expermental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Key Scientific Observing and Experimental Station ofFisheries Resource and Environment in the Yangtze Estuary and East China Sea,Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200090,China;Engineering Research Center ofFisheries Stock Enhancement and Habitat Restoration ofthe Yangtze Estuary ofShanghai,Shanghai 200090,China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期326-339,共14页
Marine Fisheries
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900405)
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所基本科研业务费(2021Z02)。
关键词
点篮子鱼
文蛤
养殖密度
生长
肌肉
Siganus guttatus
Meretrix meretrix
breeding density
growth
muscle
