摘要
为了研究江西大冰雹超级单体的结构特征和关键机制,利用江西WebGIS雷达拼图平台、江西省ADTD二维闪电监测定位系统、江西省自动气象站雨量检索平台和MICAPS系统平台资料,对江西2021年3月30—31日冰雹组合反射率CR回波强度、地面雨量、TBB云图与ADTD雷电信息等特征进行分析。(1)2021年3月30—31日大冰雹天气过程,雷暴大风和降水比江西春季历史上出现的强对流天气过程较少且小,但出现冰雹站数、影响范围、维持时间、冰雹直径和回波强度都超过历史上其它强对流天气个例。(2)最强回波和10 min雨量与冰雹大小成正比,10 min雨量变化提前于冰雹的出现;强回波面积和雷电次数成正相关。(3)超级单体回波系统是造成江西冰雹天气的重要回波系统类型:(1)回波中心强度≥60 dBZ,中心出现≥65 dBZ的强回波核;(2)60 dBZ回波面积≥10×10 km^(2);(3)30~60 dBZ强回波梯度(最密集区域)≤6 km;(4)超级单体具有深厚和蔓延的云砧形成的“前伸”回波结构,形成南北走向的“盾”型回波结构。(4)冰雹超级单体在TBB云图上形成MCS云系,有“前伸”云砧结构,最低亮温低(-100℃左右),这个罕见的超低温是本次冰雹天气产生的关键因素,西南侧亮温梯度线密集;TBB云图亮温可以显示超级单体MCS的存在,能否出现冰雹、雷暴大风及短时强降水,需要结合雷达拼图回波特征来进一步揭示超级单体结构。这些研究成果对江西冰雹天气的监测预警提供了理论依据。
In order to study the structural characteristics and key mechanism of Jiangxi hail supercell,the characteristics of combined reflectivity CR echo intensity dBZ,ground rainfall,TBB cloud image and ADTD lightning information of Hail in Jiangxi from March 30 to 31,2021 were analyzed by using the data of Jiangxi WebGIS Radar Mosaic platform,Jiangxi ADTD two-dimensional lightning monitoring and positioning system,Jiangxi automatic weather station rainfall retrieval platform and MICAPS system platform.The results show that:(1)during the heavy hail weather process from March 30 to 31,2021,thunderstorm,gale and precipitation are less and smaller than the severe convective weather process in the history of Jiangxi in spring,but the number of hail stations,influence range,maintenance time,Hail Diameter and echo intensity are higher than other severe convective weather cases in the history.(2)The strongest echo dBz and 10 min rainfall are proportional to the size of hail,and the change of 10 min rainfall is ahead of the occurrence of hail;The area of strong echo is positively correlated with the number of lightning.(3)Supercell echo system is an important echo system type that causes hail weather in Jiangxi:①echo center intensity≥60 dBZ,and strong echo core≥65 dBZ appears in the center;②60 dBz echo area≥10×10 km^(2);③30~60 dBZ strong echo gradient(the densest area)≤6 km;④The supercell has a“forward extending”echo structure formed by deep and spreading cloud anvils,forming a north-south“shield”echo structure.(4)The hail supercell formed MCS cloud system on the TBB cloud map,with a“forward extending”cloud anvil structure,and the lowest bright temperature was low([-100]℃).This rare ultra-low temperature was the key factor for the hail weather,and the southwest side was characterized by dense bright temperature gradient lines;TBB cloud image brightness temperature can show the existence of supercell MCS,and whether there can be hail,thunderstorm,gale and short-term heavy rainfall.It is necessary to further reveal the supercell structure in combination with the radar puzzle echo characteristics.These research results provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and early warning of hail weather in Jiangxi.
作者
张晓芳
马中元
王立志
陈鲍发
邱雯婷
ZHANG Xiaofang;MA Zhongyuan;WANG Lizhi;CHEN Baofa;QIU Wenting(Wuyuan County Meteorological Bureau,Shangrao,Jiangxi 333200,China;Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanchang 330046,China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Jingdezhen Meteorological Bureau,Jingdezhen,Jiangxi 333000,China)
出处
《热带气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期374-385,共12页
Journal of Tropical Meteorology
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类-XDA19040202)资助。
