摘要
目的 通过对海西州手足口病的流行特征和病原学特征分析,为制定更符合高原地区手足口病防治策略提供思路和科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中导出2012-2022年海西州手足口病临床病例和实验室确诊病例,对病例的流行病学及病原学特征进行定量描述和统计分析,率的比较用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2012-2022年海西州累计报告手足口病例2 364例,年平均发病率46.94/10万,各年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 149.20,P<0.001);发病呈季节性双峰分布,各地区手足口病发病呈逐年上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=37.53,P<0.001);1~6岁的托幼儿童和散居儿童是手足口病的主要发病人群(χ^(2)=74.22,P<0.001),各年龄段性别差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.62,P=0.761);实验室诊断659例,Cox A16、EV 71和其他肠道病毒占比分别为33.08%、21.40%和45.52%,病原构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=415.24,P<0.001),其中Cox A16与EV 71呈周期性交替,其他肠道病毒呈逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)趋势=148.84,P<0.001)。结论 海西州手足口病疫情总体呈波动上升趋势,发病存在明显的地区差异,EV 71仍占有一定比例,需及时采取措施,警惕重症病例及疫情的暴发流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth diseasee(HFMD)in Haixi,so as to provide suggestions and a scientific foundation for developing HFMD prevention and control strategies in plateau areas.Methods Information about clinical and laboratory confirmed cases of HFMD in Haixi prefecture from 2012 to 2022 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Haixi from 2012 to 2022.Chi-square testwas used to compare the rates,and the significance level was set asα=0.05.Results From 2012 to 2022,2364 cases of HFMD were reported in Haixi,with an average yearly incidence of 46.94/10^(5).There was a significantvariation in the incidence among years(χ^(2)=3149.20,P<0.001).The incidence of HFMD had a seasonal bimodal distribution,and the incidence of HFMD rose yearly(χ^(2)_(trend)=37.53,P<0.001).The primary population of HFMDwas kindergarten children and scattered children aged 1-6 years(x^(2)=74.22,P<0.001),but there was no significant variation in gender across different age groupss(χ^(2)=12.62,P=0.761).Overall,659 caseswere detected in the laboratory,and the proportions of Cox A16,EV 71,and other enteroviruses were 33.08%,21.40% and 45.52%,respectively,with significant differencesin pathogen composition(χ^(2)=415.24,P<0.001).Cox A16 and EV 71 swapped periodically,wvhile other enteroviruses increased yearly(χ^(2)_(trend)=148.84,P<0.001).Conclusions The HFMD epidemic situation is changing upward in Haixi,with obvious geographical variances.Because EV 71 still accounts for a significant proportion of cases,prompt action is required to prevent the spread of severe cases and outbreaks.
作者
达热卓玛
乔萍
多吉旺姆
DARE Zhuoma;QIAO Ping;DUOJI Wangmu(Haixi Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Delingha 817000,Qinghai Province,China;Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lhasa 850000,Tibet Autonomous Region,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2023年第8期944-950,共7页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
