摘要
神经系统作为一个复杂的体系,在其发育过程中轴突需要延伸较长的距离才能与下一级神经元或靶细胞形成突触。在这个复杂的移动过程中,神经元轴突在空间分布上形成了精确有序的结构。过去认为这种有序结构的形成主要由形态发生素的化学浓度梯度来指导,而最近的研究发现力学因素对调控轴突的延伸速度与方向发挥着重要的作用。因此,轴突的延伸本质上是一个力化学耦合过程。本文将结合自己过去的工作论述力学因素对轴突延伸的调控机制及相关的信号转导。这一领域的研究将为认识对神经系统疾病的发生以及神经再生提供重要的参考。
As a complex system,axons need to extend a long distance to form synapses with next neurons or target cells in the development of nervous system.During this complex movement,neuronal axons form precisely ordered structures in their spatial distribution.In the past,it was thought that the formation of such ordered structures was mainly guided by the chemical concentration gradient of morphogenesis.However,recent studies have found that mechanical cues play an important role in regulating the neurite initiation,elongation and sprouting,nerve fasciculation,and neuron maturation.Thus,axon extension is essentially a mechano-chemical coupling process.This paper discusses the origin of the cellular forces controlling axon growth and pathfinding,the mechanism of axons perceiving mechanical stimuli from the environment,and the mechanism of mechanical force regulating axon extension and related signal transduction.We also discuss how forces are generated and sensed in vivo,and which molecular mechanisms are responsible for responding to mechanical signals.The research in this field will provide important reference for understanding the neurological diseases and nerve regeneration.
作者
孙艳丽
赵虎成
冯西桥
SUN Yan-Li;ZHAO Hu-Cheng;FENG Xi-Qiao(Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering,Department of Engineering Mechanics,School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《生物化学与生物物理进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1361-1370,共10页
Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics
基金
国家自然科学基金(12072176,12011530059,12032014,11620101001,11772175)资助项目。
关键词
轴突生长
力学调控
力生物学
axon growth
mechanical regulation
mechanobiology
