摘要
叶菜是市场上常见的蔬菜品种,但其采后配送过程中极易失水或受到机械损伤而导致品质降低及劣变的发生。文章以油菜、小菠菜、生菜和奶白菜4种叶菜为研究对象,分别模拟其在直配、商超和电商3种配送模式下的品质变化,分析其生理特性如呼吸代谢和乙烯释放速率,活性成分如总酚、抗坏血酸、总叶绿素、总抗氧化性的变化,并分析其感官品质。结果表明,奶白菜在电商模式下的乙烯释放速率显著高于商超模式,达到(201.15±10.11)μL/(kg·h);小菠菜的呼吸强度显著高于另外3种,在电商模式下最高,达到(165.94±4.74)mL/(kg·h),其失重率也显著高于另外3种;4种叶菜水分含量均在90%以上,且配送模式对其水分含量的影响均不显著;4种叶菜中只有油菜的可溶性固形物含量在不同配送模式下发生了显著变化,电商模式下的含量达到(8.10±0.23)%;小菠菜在商超模式下的可溶性蛋白含量显著低于直配和电商模式,其中电商模式下的含量高达(8.99±0.21)mg/g;油菜在电商模式下的总酚含量显著高于直配模式,为(20.29±1.05)mg/kg;4种叶菜中油菜、小菠菜和奶白菜抗坏血酸的含量远高于生菜,最高达到(361.60±0.34)μg/g;4种叶菜中小菠菜的总叶绿素含量最高,小菠菜和生菜在商超和电商模式下绿色逐渐变浅。因此在电商配送过程中应尽量避免机械损伤而导致叶菜衰老,在商超和电商模式下注意延缓叶菜颜色的变化从而影响其外观,抑制配送过程叶菜的呼吸强度从而减少失重率。研究结果将为减少叶菜在物流配送过程中的品质损失提供理论参考。
Leaf vegetables are commonly consumed in the market,but they usually suffer from dehydration and mechanical damage during postharvest distribution and result in quality degradation and deterioration.This research explored the quality change of four leaf vegetables including rape,spinach,lettuce and milk cabbage under three distribution modes of direct distribution,supermarket and e-commerce.The physiological characteristics including respiratory metabolism and ethylene release rate and bioactive ingredients such as total phenols,ascorbic acid,total chlorophyll,total antioxidant activity and sensory quality were analyzed.The results showed that the ethylene release rate of milk cabbage under e-commerce mode was significantly higher than that in supermarket mode,reaching(201.15±10.11)μL/(kg·h).The respiratory rate of spinach was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of leaf vegetables,which reached the highest at(165.94±4.74)mL/(kg·h)under the e-commerce mode,and its weight loss was also significantly higher than the other three.The water contents of four kinds of leaf vegetables were all above 90%,and the distribution mode had no significant effect on the water content.When it came to the soluble solids content(SSC),only the rape changed significantly under different distribution modes,and reached(8.10±0.23)%under e-commerce mode.The soluble protein content of spinach under supermarket mode was significantly lower than that of direct distribution and e-commerce modes,and the content under e-commerce mode was as high as(8.99±0.21)mg/g.The total phenol content of rape under the e-commerce mode was significantly higher than that in the direct distribution mode,which was(20.29±1.05)mg/kg.The content of ascorbic acid of rape,spinach and milk cabbage were much higher than that in lettuce,and the highest was(361.60±0.34)μg/g.The total chlorophyll content of spinach was the highest among the four leaf vegetables,and the green color of spinach and lettuce gradually faded under the supermarket and e-commerce mode.Therefore,in the process of e-commerce distribution,mechanical damage should be avoided as far as possible to cause leaf vegetables senescence.Special attention should be paid to delay the green color fade of leaf vegetables in the supermarket and e-commerce mode so as to affect the appearance.The respiratory intensity should be inhibited to reduce the weight loss during distribution.This paper will provide theoretical references for reducing the quality loss of leaf vegetables during the logistics distribution process.
作者
王丽敏
王喜月
袁树枝
王福东
郑淑芳
WANG Limin;WANG Xiyue;YUAN Shuzhi;WANG Fudong;ZHENG Shufang(School of Chemical Engineering&Food Science,Zhengzhou University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450044,China;Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《食品科技》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期39-47,共9页
Food Science and Technology
基金
郑州工程技术学院高层次人才启动项目(zggk202108)
北京市乡村振兴项目(20220511-02)
北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01-2022)
国家自然科学基金项目(32001763)。
关键词
叶类蔬菜
流通配送
电商
品质变化
leaf vegetables
circulation and distribution
e-commerce
quality change
