摘要
未来大型客机将会朝着新能源化、低能耗化及超声速化方向发展,并涉及这3个方向的综合应用。大型客机新能源化主要是指绿色低碳能源的应用,包括常温液态可持续航空燃料(Sustainable aviation fuels,SAF)、低温液氢或液化甲烷燃料等。大型客机低能耗化发展包括节能气动布局与节能推进技术以及两者的综合应用,节能气动布局包括大展弦比布局与翼身融合布局等;节能推进技术包括超大涵道比加齿轮传动涡扇推进与低噪声桨扇推进技术等;布局与推进综合应用包括边界层吸入式推进、分布式推进等。超声速化大型客机主要包括各种马赫2~3量级的低阻低声爆的大型超声速客机及未来水平起降大型高超声速客机,声爆抑制、解决大型客机布局与推进的高低速设计矛盾等成为关键设计技术。大型客机的新能源化与低能耗化趋势是基于全球石油能源危机与全球变暖及导致的极端气候应对措施“绿色低碳”倡议与行动而得出,需要分别从改变能源的“类型”与“数量”方向降低化石碳排放;而超声速化趋势是基于人类对高速交通工具的迫切需求以及地面轨道交通工具高速化对航空制造业和航空运营企业带来的竞争压力,以及跨洲跨洋高速交通需求等问题而归纳的。本文通过对大型客机的替代能源、低能耗设计、超声速化的发展趋势和关键技术进行阐述,为未来民用航空的发展提供新的思路。
The alternative energy technologies,the low energy consumption technologies,the supersonic flight technologies,and the integrated application of the three technologies are the main development directions of the future large airliner.The alternative energy for the large airliner mainly refers to the green and low carbon emission fuels,for example the normal temperature liquid SAF(Sustainable aviation fuels),the cryogenic liquid hydrogen and LNG(Liquid natural gas)fuels.The low energy consumption technologies for large airliner mainly refers to the energy-saving aerodynamic configurations,energy-saving propulsion technologies,and the integrated application of the two technologies,for example the BWB(Blended wing body)airliners and the airliners with large aspect ratio wings,the energy-saving propulsion technologies including extra-large BPR(Bypass ratio)or GTF(Gear transferred fan)turbofan engines,the low noise propfan engines,and the BLI(Boundary layer ingestion)and distributed propulsion methods for integrated configurations and propulsions.The supersonic flight technologies for large airliners mainly refers to the Mach 2–3 supersonic airliners and the future horizontal takeoff and landing hypersonic airliners,the sonic boom depression,the technologies to resolve the conflicts of the low speed states and the high speed states in both the aerodynamic configurations and the propulsion systems are the key design technologies.This article elaborates on the development trends and key technologies of alternative energy sources,low energy design,and supersonic technology for large passenger aircraft,providing new ideas for the future development of civil aviation.
作者
雷国东
徐悦
LEI Guodong;XU Yue(Chinese Aeronautical Establishment,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《航空制造技术》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第14期26-37,共12页
Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology
基金
航空科学基金(2019ZA004003)
中国航空研究院五性自立科学基金(ZC272006201)。
