摘要
山西省粮食生产在黄河流域乃至全国极具特色,其少主粮、多杂粮的特殊作物种植结构对实现区域稳粮保供和推动农业特色产业高质量发展发挥了重要作用。针对山西省粮食生产过程中的水资源利用问题,评估了2011—2021年山西省各地级市粮食生产面临的水资源稀缺状况,核算了不同粮食生产结构下水足迹的时空分布变化,测评了粮食生产水资源利用效率,从粮食生产水资源利用的稀缺压力、足迹状态和效率响应维度构建三维分析框架,提出山西省各地级市兼顾粮食生产和水资源优化利用的措施。结果表明:(1)2011—2021年山西省水资源稀缺状况总体得到改善,水稀缺指数由2011年的1.36下降至2021年的0.87;(2)粮食生产水足迹总量下降了8.9%,而高粱、谷子、薯类等杂粮和新主粮作物的水足迹占比从2011年的11%上升至2021年的15%左右;(3)粮食生产水足迹总量呈现“北低南高,东低西高”空间特征,晋西南地区平均年水足迹总量在15亿m^(3)以上,是区域粮食生产水足迹总量最高的地区;(4)粮食生产的水资源利用效率有所提高,20%以上的地区在粮食生产过程中实现了水资源有效利用。
Grain production in Shanxi Province is very unique in the Yellow River Basin and even in the whole country,and its special production structure of few staple grains and many miscellaneous grains plays an important role in stabilizing grain supply in the region and promoting the high⁃quality development of agricultural specialty industries.This study focused on the utilization of water resources in grain production in Shanxi Province,evaluated the water scarcity situation of grain production in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2021,accounted for the spatial and temporal distribution of water footprints under different grain production structures,evaluated the efficiency of water resources utilization in grain production,and built a three⁃dimensional analytical framework from the scarcity pressure,footprint and efficiency response of water resources utilization in grain production and proposed a three⁃dimensional analysis framework that took into account the water scarcity of grain production in Shanxi Province and its special production structure.A three⁃dimensional analysis framework was built from the scarcity pressure and efficiency response of food production,and management measures were proposed to balance food production and optimal utilization of water resources in various cities in Shanxi Province.The results show that (a)the scarcity of water resources in Shanxi Province generally improves from 2011 to 2021,with the scarcity index decreasing from 1.36 in 2011 to 0.87 in 2021.(b)The total water footprint of grain production decreases by 8.9%,while the water footprint of miscellaneous grains,such as sorghum,cereal,yams and other new staple crops,increases from 11%in 2011 to 15%in 2021.(c)The total water footprint of food production shows the spatial characteristics of“less in the north and more in the south,less in the east and more in the west”,with an average annual total water footprint of more than 1.5 billion m^(3) in southwestern Shanxi,which is the area with the highest total water footprint of food production in the region.(d)The efficiency of water resources utilization for food production has been improved,with more than 20%of the regions realizing effective water resources utilization in the food production process.
作者
邓祥征
王文宣
李志慧
DENG Xiangzheng;WANG Wenxuan;LI Zhihui(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第9期52-57,76,共7页
Yellow River
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23070400)。
关键词
粮食生产
水资源
水足迹
水效率
山西省
food production
water resources
water footprint
water efficiency
Shanxi Province
