摘要
高可靠性与高能量密度的动力推进电源是空间与海洋探索载体的核心关键部件。该文针对高温热管耦合动态热电转换装置开展了高温钠热管集成热声发电机运行特性的试验研究,实现了热电能量的传递与转换,掌握了高温热管与热声发电机耦合启动的关键技术,在稳态运行工况下获得了不同输入功率的热管-热声发电机系统耦合运行特性。随着输入功率的提升,热声发电机的输出电参数变大,热电转化效率从16.60%提升至19.00%。在长期运行测试中,在输入功率为1 900 W条件下,输出功率约360 W,热电转换效率约19.00%,热管与热声发电机耦合系统性能稳定。在极限运行测试中,输入功率为2 300 W时,输出功率为463 W,热电转换效率为20.13%。该研究验证了热管反应堆与热声发电机耦合集成能量转换原理的可行性,可为后续开展基于热管堆的空间和海洋载体核动力原型设计提供试验数据支撑。
[Objective]A highly reliable energy-dense power source is the critical core component of the facilities involved in space and ocean exploration.The heat pipe reactor is equipped with a compact solid-state core,which provides benefits such as high reliability,passive heat transfer,and long life,rendering it the ideal solution for the current multipurpose power supply.However,the technical feasibility,reliability,and performance of the alkali metal high-temperature heat pipe,which is the critical component of the heat pipe reactor,remains to be verified and tested.Furthermore,the integrated heat pipes and thermoelectric converter technology need to be validated.In addition,the coupled operating characteristics of heat pipes and thermoelectric converters under high-temperature operating conditions is an important issue that remains to be addressed,both theoretically and experimentally.The principle design of the heat pipe nuclear reactor power supply requires efficient support based on a sufficient amount of experimental data.This study verifies the principle feasibility of the heat pipe nuclear reactor used as a power supply.The operating state features of the alkali metal high-temperature heat pipes and thermo-acoustic power generators under startup and steady states are studied experimentally.[Methods]This paper studies the coupled operating characteristics of sodium heat pipes and thermo-acoustic power generators experimentally.A multihole stainless steel cube assembled with ten electric heating elements and four sodium heat pipes is used to simulate the heat pipe nuclear reactor.A specially designed thermo-acoustic power generator is fitted with two symmetrical generator units and used as the thermoelectric converter.Stimulate and activate the thermo-acoustic power generator while the heat pipes are in fully startup state is the critical operation of thermo-acoustic power generator coupling sodium heat pipe system startup and stable running.[Results] The key technology of sodium heat pipes and thermo-acoustic power generator-integrated system startup method was obtained in this study.The sodium heat pipe was of prominent thermal response,and the temperature buffer could effectively improve the reliability of the thermoelectric conversion system.The coupling characteristics featured by the temperature field evolution of sodium heat pipes and thermoelectric converters were obtained at steady states.The thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the system and the output power of the thermo-acoustic power generator increased as the heat pipe operating temperature rised.In the long-time operation test,with a system heating power of 19oo W,the thermo-acoustic power generator output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency were 360 W and 19.00%,respectively.In the limit test of the operating temperature,with a heating power of 230o W,the thermo-acoustic power generator output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency were 463 W and 20.13%,respectively.[Conclusions]The integrated technique of high-temperature sodium heat pipes and thermo-acoustic-electric energy converter effectively simulates the processes of heat transfer and thermoelectric conversion of the thermoelectric conversion system based on a heat pipe reactor.The coupling characteristics of heat pipes and thermo-acoustic power generators are obtained.This study verified the energy conversion principle feasibility for a heat pipe reactor coupled with a thermo-acoustic power generator.The results of this study can provide support for the prototype design of a nuclear power facility based on a heat pipe reactor.
作者
张友佳
蒋顺利
周慧辉
袁德文
吴张华
徐建军
闫晓
苏东川
田文喜
ZHANG Youjia;JIANG Shunli;ZHOU Huihui;YUAN Dewen;WU Zhanghua;XU Jianjun;YAN Xiao;SU Dongchuan;TIAN Wenxi(CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Cryogenics,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Nuclear Science and Technology,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)
出处
《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1204-1212,共9页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家自然科学基金核技术创新联合基金重点项目(U1967203)。
关键词
热管
热声发电机
稳态特性
核电源
热电转换
heat pipes
thermo-acoustic power generator
steady characteristics
nuclear power supply
thermoelectric conversion
