摘要
目的分析陕西省榆林市鼠疫流行病学特征及相关指标,评估榆林市今后鼠疫疫情发生风险并制定科学合理的防控措施。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统鼠疫防控管理信息系统收集2011-2021年榆林市国家级(定边县)及省级监测点(榆阳区、靖边县、横山区、神木市、府谷县)鼠疫监测数据,采用描述流行病学方法对人间、动物间鼠疫疫情,主要宿主动物及其染蚤情况进行分析;采用专家会商法和鼠疫风险评估工具V1.0对榆林市鼠疫疫情风险进行评估。结果2011-2021年榆林市未发生人间及动物间鼠疫疫情。国家级监测点主要宿主动物密度为5.79只/hm2,各年范围为3.02~9.08只/hm2,优势鼠种为长爪沙鼠,占98.21%(3402/3464);野外夜行鼠捕获率为1.27%(350/27600),各年范围为0.21%~3.83%,优势鼠种为黑线仓鼠,占44.86%(157/350);鼠体染蚤率为16.91%(768/4541),蚤指数为0.40,优势蚤种为秃病蚤蒙冀亚种,占66.54%(1203/1808)。省级监测点主要宿主动物密度为0.49只/hm2,各年范围为0.31~0.67只/hm2,优势鼠种为阿拉善黄鼠,占63.61%(194/305);野外夜行鼠捕获率为1.76%(560/31795),各年范围为0.89%~3.93%,优势鼠种为小毛足鼠,占26.61%(149/560);家鼠捕获率为2.37%(397/16750),各年范围为1.48%~3.10%,鼠种包括褐家鼠(47.36%,188/397)和小家鼠(52.64%,209/397);鼠体染蚤率为13.26%(182/1373),蚤指数为0.40,优势蚤种为前凹眼蚤,占45.23%(251/555)。5281份病原学培养样本及2110份血清学检测样本均为阴性。Pearson相关分析结果显示,国家级、省级监测点鼠密度与染蚤率、蚤指数均无相关性(r=-0.26、-0.48、0.09、0.12,均P>0.05),染蚤率与蚤指数均呈正相关(r=0.67、0.81,均P<0.05)。2022年陕西省榆林市不排除发生人间鼠疫疫情的可能,动物间鼠疫疫情发生风险较高。结论2011-2021年榆林市国家级、省级监测点主要宿主动物密度均保持在较低水平,蚤指数有所升高。榆林市有发生鼠疫疫情的风险,应进一步加强监测工作,做好应急物资及能力储备。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related indicators of plague in Yulin City,Shaanxi Province,and to evaluate the risk of plague epidemic in the future and formulate scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures.Methods The plague surveillance data of national(Dingbian County)and provincial(Yuyang District,Jingbian County,Hengshan District,Shenmu City,Fugu County)plague monitoring sites in Yulin City from 2011 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Pestis Prevention and Control Management Information System,and the plague epidemic situation among humans and animals,the main host animals and their flea infection were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.The expert consultation method and plague risk assessment tool V1.0 were used to assess the epidemic risk of the plague in Yulin City.Results There was no human and animal plague epidemic in Yulin City from 2011 to 2021.In national monitoring site,the density of main host animal was 5.79/hm2,ranging from 3.02/hm2 to 9.08/hm2,the dominant species was Mongolian gerbil,accounting for 98.21%(3402/3464);the capture rate of wild nocturnal rodents was 1.27%(350/27600),ranging from 0.21%to 3.83%,the dominant species was Cricetulus barabensis,accounting for 44.86%(157/350);the flea infection rate of the rodent body was 16.91%(768/4541),with a flea index of 0.40,the dominant flea species was the Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkov,accounting for 66.54%(1203/1808).In provincial monitoring site,the density of main host animals was 0.49/hm2,ranging from 0.31/hm2 to 0.67/hm2,the dominant species was Alashan ground squirrel,accounting for 63.61%(194/305);the capture rate of nocturnal rodents in the wild was 1.76%(560/31795),ranging from 0.89%to 3.93%,the dominant species was Roborovski dwarf hamster,accounting for 26.61%(149/560);the capture rate of domestic rats was 2.37%(397/16750),ranging from 1.48%to 3.10%,the rodents included Rattus norvegicus(47.36%,188/397)and house mouse(52.64%,209/397);the flea infection rate of the rat body was 13.26%(182/1373),with a flea index of 0.40;the dominant flea species was Ophthalmopsylla jettmari,accounting for 45.23%(251/555).The 5281 pathogenic culture samples and 2110 serological test samples were all negative.The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there was no correlation between rodent density and flea infection rate or flea index at national and provincial monitoring sites(r=-0.26,-0.48,0.09,0.12,P>0.05),while flea infection rate and flea index were positively correlated(r=0.67,0.81,P<0.05).In 2022,Yulin City,Shaanxi Province was not ruled out the possibility of human plague epidemic,and the risk of plague epidemic among animals was high.Conclusions From 2011 to 2021,the density of the main host animals at the national and provincial monitoring sites in Yulin City has remained at a low level,and the flea index has increased.There is a risk of plague epidemic in Yulin City,so the monitoring work should be further strengthened,and emergency supplies and capacity reserves should be well prepared.
作者
聂守民
罗波艳
郭少华
王文静
范锁平
安翠红
孙养信
Nie Shoumin;Luo Boyan;Guo Shaohua;Wang Wenjing;Fan Suoping;An Cuihong;Sun Yangxin(Institute for Plague and Brucellosis Prevention and Control,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710054,China;Institute for Plague Prevention and Control,Yulin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yulin 719000,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第7期562-568,共7页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
基金
高分疾病预防控制遥感信息服务示范系统(一期)项目。
关键词
鼠疫
监测
风险评估
Plague
Surveillance
Risk assessment
