摘要
人力资本是实现农业农村现代化的必要条件。城乡融合加快了城乡间要素流动,也引起了农村人力资本结构的变化。虽然劳动力绝对数量在减少,但劳动力的教育水平、健康素质、获取信息能力及专业技能等在提升,农村人力资本从数量型向素质型、效率型、能力提升型转变。这种变化对中国农业劳动生产率产生了双重影响。实证结果发现:农业劳动力数量与农业劳动生产率水平之间存在显著的反向变化;教育通过直接和间接效应对农业劳动生产率增长产生正向作用;互联网、医疗保健支出、交通通信支出对农业劳动生产率增长存在正向推动作用,且有中介效应。内生性检验、稳健性检验进一步强化了实证结果。深化城乡融合可进一步优化农村人力资本结构,持续提升农业劳动生产率水平,从而加快实现农业现代化。
Human capital plays a crucial role in realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.In⁃tegrated urban-rural development has smoothed the flow of factors between urban and rural areas,and thus trig⁃gered the transformation of the rural human capital structure.In China,the rural human capital has shifted its fo⁃cus from a quantity-oriented approach to one that emphasizes quality,efficiency,and skill development,driven by improvements in education,health,and access to information and professional training,despite a decrease in labor supply in rural areas.This change has had a dual impact on China’s agricultural labor productivity.Empirical evi⁃dence suggests that the quantity of rural labor has a significant negative effect on agricultural labor productivity.Access to education has a direct and indirect impact,access to the internet and healthcare,and investment in transportation and information have a significant positive impact on agricultural labor productivity.Furthermore,we identified access to the internet and medical expense,transportation and information investment as mediator variables,affecting the relationship between education level and agricultural labor productivity.We conducted en⁃dogeneity and robustness tests to validate our empirical findings.Ultimately,accelerating urban-rural integration to optimize the rural human capital structure and improve agricultural labor productivity is a critical step towards achieving agricultural modernization.
作者
江曼琦
张景帆
JIANG Man-qi;ZHANG Jing-fan(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300074,China)
出处
《经济问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第9期77-87,共11页
On Economic Problems
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“走向融合发展的城乡功能互补、空间重构及协同治理研究”(22BJL028)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
农村人力资本变迁
农业劳动生产率
城乡融合
transformation of the rural human capital structure
agricultural labor productivity
urban-rural integration
