摘要
公共数据开放是深入实施国家大数据战略、推动落实创新驱动发展战略的重要支撑,用户能力在其中起到关键作用,它决定了公共数据能否被充分利用从而释放其价值。破译能力黑箱成为赋能用户、推动公共数据开放的核心问题。本研究聚焦三个问题:公共数据的用户能力是什么,用户能力如何形成,用户能力如何培育。基于成功智力理论,从知识视角对用户能力进行再认识,通过情境访谈法提取公共数据用户能力的知识构成要素,构建用户能力形成的IPO模型,并调查影响能力形成的关键问题,由此提出激发用户兴趣、拓展学习渠道、加大支持互动、营造激励协作环境的赋能思路。研究发现:(1)公共数据用户能力是一种成功智力,包括创造性、实践性、分析性三类能力,由不同知识构成;(2)公共数据用户能力形成于知识学习过程中,知识构成及知识环境决定了三种能力的不同知识输入和输出;(3)公共数据用户能力形成和发展中,内驱力、知识储备、自信心和敢为性、激励合作氛围等内容,是当前能力培育应关注的重点。图3。表3。参考文献48。
Open public data(OPD)is an important support for deepening the implementation of the national big data strategy and the innovation driven development strategy.The user capability determines the degree and level of their participation in data utilization,thereby affecting whether the value of public data can be fully released.However,the research on OPD's user capability is not yet mature,and the development of OPD is hindered by subsequent problems such as users'weak awareness on data and deficiency of relevant skills.As a consequence,deciphering the black box of capability has become the core issue of empowering users and promoting the OPD.The research focuses on answering three questions:1)what the OPD's user capabilities are,and what consists of the essence of them;2)how the capabilities are formed,and what factors restrict the process;3)how they can be cultivated,and what aspects should be focused on.The research re-examines user capability based on the successful intelligence theory from knowledge perspective,and sorts it into three categories:declarative knowledge,procedural knowledge and strategic knowledge.Moreover,it is asserted that the effects of capability are reflected by the comprehensive utilization of knowledge of users.Then,the research extracts the knowledge components of OPD's user capabilities through situational interviews and an IPO model is built based on the knowledge fermentation theory.After that,the current situation of user capability and the crucial essentials which make a difference in fostering the capability are investigated by questionnaires.As a result,valuable ideas for enlarging the influence of OPD are put forward,including stimulating users'interest on participation,broadening the routes of learning knowledge,increasing support and interaction as well as constructing an environment suitable for collaboration.The research holds that 1)OPD's user capability is a type of successful intelligence,which includes three types:creativity capability,practicality capability,and analysis capability,which are composed of different knowledge,and its essence is knowledge,which is composed of declarative knowledge,procedural knowledge and strategic knowledge;2)OPD's user capability is formed during the knowledge learning process,its process includes three stages:“knowledge strains triggers knowledge perception”,“knowledge matrix is activated and absorbed”,“knowledge enzyme accelerates knowledge application and internalization”,and the different knowledge composition and knowledge environment determine the different knowledge inputs and outputs of the three capabilities;3)in the formation and development of OPD's user capability,the issue of internal drive,knowledge reserve,self-confidence and daring,and incentive cooperation atmosphere,are the focus of current OPD's user capability cultivation.3 figs.3 tabs.48 refs.
作者
袁莉
赵婧
YUAN Li;ZHAO Jing
出处
《中国图书馆学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期88-102,共15页
Journal of Library Science in China
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于知识观的政府数据开放整体能力构建研究”(编号:20BTQ043)的研究成果。
关键词
公共数据
数据开放
用户能力
知识构成
Public data
Open data
User capability
Knowledge composition
