摘要
生态系统服务和生态产品价值提升是矿区实施植被恢复的主要目标.神东煤矿是我国最大的煤炭生产基地,地处黄土高原与毛乌素沙地过渡地带,原生生态环境极其脆弱.为了解神东矿区近30年来植被恢复成效,本文基于遥感影像、地面观测和经济统计数据,采用修正后的单位面积价值当量因子法,引入生态系统质量调整系数用以区分同类生态系统内部差异,构建区域生态产品价值评估模型,评估1990—2018年神东矿区生态产品价值及时空变化特征,从生态产品价值视角定量揭示矿区植被恢复效益.结果表明:①从整体上看,近30年神东矿区生态产品总价值增加6.57×10^(8)元,单位面积生态产品价值增长84.33×104元/km^(2),其中价值增高区域占65.35%,主要位于矿区东部的哈拉沟、大柳塔、石圪台、柳塔、乌兰木伦煤矿以及矿区西部的活鸡兔井;价值量减少区域占33.32%,主要位于乌兰木伦河沿岸及矿区西部的寸草塔、布尔台、补连塔、上湾煤矿边缘地区.②从不同服务类型看,其生态产品价值增量自高到低排序依次为调节服务、供给服务、支持服务、文化服务,增量分别为3.35×10^(8)、1.84×10^(8)、1.14×10^(8)和0.23×10^(8)元,其中增幅最大的为供给服务,增长率达273.78%.③从不同恢复模式看,2018年单位面积生态产品价值自高到低排序依次为经济林模式(291.31×104元/km^(2))、光伏灌草模式(182.47×104元/km^(2))、生态林模式(171.70×104元/km^(2))、风沙防治模式(166.74×104元/km^(2)),近30年这4种模式的单位面积生态产品价值均呈增加趋势,分别增加177.68×104、48.62×104、32.80×104、166.74×104元/km^(2).其中,经济林模式兼具供给服务、调节服务、支持服务和文化服务,单位面积生态产品价值最高且增量最多,能够有效提升矿区生态产品价值;光伏灌草模式和生态林模式能提供较高的调节服务和支持服务,但供给服务不高;风沙防治模式的调节服务和支持服务较高,供给服务和文化服务不足,但由于本底价值较低,单位面积生态产品价值增量较多.研究显示,近30年来神东矿区4种恢复模式下单位面积生态产品价值均呈增加趋势,生态效益和经济效益明显.从生态产品价值视角评估矿区植被恢复成效,能够为矿区制定科学的植被恢复计划提供参考,同时也为矿区生态产品价值实现提供基础数据和科技支撑.
One of the main goals of vegetation restoration in mining areas is to increase the ecosystem services and the value of ecosystem products.Shendong mining area is the largest coal production base in China.Located in the northwest desert region,its primary ecological environment was extremely fragile.To evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of vegetation restoration in Shendong mining area in recent 30 years,we used remote sensing images,field surveys and economic statistical data to establish an ecosystem product value accounting model.This model utilized the value equivalent factor methods and incorporated the ecosystem quality adjustment coefficients to assess the spatial-temporal patterns of the ecosystem product values in the Shendong mining area.Using the established model,the benefits of vegetation restoration in the mining area were quantitatively revealed from the perspective of ecosystem product value.The results showed that:(1)Over the past 30 years,the total ecosystem product value increased by 657 million RMB,and the value per unit area increased by 0.84 million RMB/km^(2).Approximate 65.35%of the areas showed increased value and mainly located in the eastern parts of the mining area and the majority of the western area.In contrast,33.32%of the areas showed decrease in value,and these areas mainly located along the banks of the Wulan Mulun River and in the marginal areas of the west.(2)The ecosystem product value among different service functions ranked from high to low was as follows:regulatory services(335 million RMB),supply services(184 million RMB),support services(114 million RMB)and cultural services(23 million RMB).The service function with the highest value increment rate was the regulation service,with a total change rate of 273.78%.(3)The ecosystem product value per unit area among different vegetation restoration patterns ranked from high to low was as follows:economic forest pattern(2.91 million RMB/km^(2)),industry-ecology pattern(1.82 million RMB/km^(2)),ecological forest pattern(1.72 million RMB/km^(2))and sand control pattern(1.67 million RMB/km^(2)).All four vegetation restoration patterns showed increasing trend in ecosystem product value.Among all these patterns,the economic forest pattern combined both ecological function and economic benefits,which effectively enhanced the ecosystem product value in the mining areas.The industry-ecology and ecological forest patterns can provide relatively high regulation and support services but low supply services.The sand control pattern always exhibited high regulatory and support services but lack of supply and cultural services.However,we found a relatively higher increment in ecosystem product per unit area due to its lower baseline value.Our study showed that the ecosystem product value per unit area under all four different patterns showed an increasing trend in Shendong mining area in the past 30 years,and the ecological and economic benefits were prominent approved.Evaluating the vegetation restoration effect in mining area from the perspective of ecosystem product value can not only provide references for developing scientific vegetation restoration plans,but also provide basic data and technology support for realizing the ecosystem product value in mining area.
作者
周甲男
马苏
郑颖娟
刘洋
刘军会
ZHOU Jianan;MA Su;ZHENG Yingjuan;LIU Yang;LIU Junhui(Institute of Environmental Information,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1728-1736,共9页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFB0501505)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(No.2022YSKY-19)。
关键词
生态产品价值
植被恢复
成效评估
价值当量修正
神东矿区
ecosystem product value
vegetation restoration
effectiveness evaluation
value equivalent correction
Shendong mining area
