摘要
膀胱癌是全球第10大最常诊断的癌症,对人类健康威胁极大,其复发率较高,术后需要长期密切随访。目前临床上诊断膀胱癌最可靠的方法仍然是膀胱镜检查和尿液脱落细胞学检查,但膀胱镜检查是一项有创性的检查,往往伴随着感染、出血和疼痛不适等并发症,其费用较高,患者较难以依从随访,且对微小的肿瘤病灶难以发现;同时尿液脱落细胞学检查对低级别肿瘤的灵敏度较低,且检测者的主观因素对其检测结果影响较大。尿液生物标志物包含非侵入性、安全、简单等检测优点,具有重要的临床诊断价值。当前已经发现有许多尿液标志物检测膀胱癌较尿液脱落细胞学检查显示出更高的灵敏度,但因它们特异度较差,临床上未能普及。因此,临床迫切需要寻找一种新的特异度和灵敏度均高且无创的可靠的膀胱癌诊断方法。本文对近年一些新型尿液生物标志物在诊断膀胱癌方面中的研究进展做一综述。
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and poses a great threat to human health.It has a high recurrence rate and requires long-term close follow-up after surgery.At present,the most reliable method for the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer is still cystoscopy and urine exfoliative cytology.However,cystoscopy is an invasive examination,which is often accompanied by complications such as infection,bleeding,pain and discomfort,and its cost is high.At the same time,the sensitivity of urine cytology for low-grade tumors is low,and the subjective factors of the examiners have a great impact on the test results.Urinary biomarkers have the advantages of non-invasive,safe and simple detection,and have important clinical diagnostic value.At present,it has been found that many urine markers show higher sensitivity than urine exfoliative cytology in the detection of bladder cancer,but due to their poor specificity,they are not widely used in clinical practice.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find a new noninvasive and reliable method for the diagnosis of bladder cancer with high specificity and sensitivity.This article reviews the research progress of some new urine biomarkers in the diagnosis of bladder cancer in recent years.
作者
叶裕荣
叶木石
YE Yurong;YE Mushi(Department of Urology,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Guangdong Province,Zhanjiang 524000,China)
出处
《中国当代医药》
CAS
2023年第25期31-37,共7页
China Modern Medicine
关键词
尿液标志物
膀胱癌
新型
诊断
研究进展
Urine markers
Bladder cancer
New type
Diagnosis
Research progress
