摘要
党的二十大报告中指出要加快发展数字经济,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合,建设数字强国。以“异地办公”为代表的数字化劳动力市场正在逐渐突破传统劳动市场的涵盖范围,并使得就业地与居住地的分离成为可能。本文首次构建了一个纳入“异地办公”、投入产出联系、企业异质性生产率与劳动异质性生产率的量化空间一般均衡模型,对数字经济发展下各地区经济发展、人口布局与经济布局可能出现的新趋势进行了预测。研究发现:异地办公的出现会促使居住人口向中西部地区聚集、就业人口向东部沿海聚集这种趋势的出现;异地办公不仅为东部经济发达地区提供更多的劳动力,也缓解了偏远地区劳动力紧缺状况,提高劳动力空间配置效率;异地办公兴起能够降低房价上涨的趋势,大城市人口拥挤、房价居高不下的情况会得到改善,进一步向“住有所居”迈进;地区间贸易往来更加频繁,小城市也得到了进一步发展。本研究预测了中国数字经济发展下,各地区经济发展、人口布局与经济布局可能出现的新趋势与变化,为中国通过发展数字劳动力市场来促进区域经济协调发展提供了政策依据。
The digital economy is the main economic form after the agricultural economy and industrial economy and has become a key force in reorganizing global factor resources,reshaping the global economic structure,and changing the global competitive landscape.The report of the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the need to accelerate the development of the digital economy,promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy,and build digital power.The digital economy is widely integrated with various economic and social fields and has become the"new engine"of national economic growth.The digitalization of the labor market has also broken through the scope of the traditional labor market.The State Council issued"a plan to facilitate the development of the digital economy in the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021~2025),"which also emphasized"accelerating the cultivation of new business models and promoting the healthy development of the plaform economy"and proposed"expanding online and offline co-working."Regarding the online office system,work from home(WFH)has become an increasingly important way of working,which has possible intercity and intracity effects.In particular,the emergence of a new form of workforce-'nonlocal remote jobs"in the digital economy has made it possible to separate the place of employment from the place of residence.This means that the emergence of this mode of work has a very different impact on the spatial layout.Exploring its impact and the possible new trends in the regional economic layout is particularly important in China's rapidly developing digital economy.In this study,we construct a quantitative spatial general equilibrium model that includes nonlocal remote jobs,input-output linkage,and enterprise and labor heterogeneous productivity and predicts the new trends that may occur in economic development,population layout,and economic layout in various regions under the development of the digital economy.This study found that(1)the emergence of nonlocal remote jobs will encourage the resident population to gather in the central and western regions and encourage the employed population to gather in the eastern coastal areas;(2)it not only provides more labor for the economically developed areas in the east but also alleviates the shortage of labor in remote areas and improves the efficiency of labor spatial allocation;(3)the rise of nonlocal remote jobs can slow the rising trend of housing prices,improve the situation of overcrowding and high housing prices in big cities,and make further progress toward the policy to"have a house to live in";(4)the trade between regions is more frequent,and small cities can be further developed.This study predicts the possible new trends and changes in economic development,population distribution,and economic layout in various regions under the digital economy development of China,which provides a policy basis for it to promote the coordinated development of the regional economy by developing the digital labor market.Compared with the existing literature,this study is innovative in the following four aspects:(1)It constructs a quantitative spatial general equilibrium model to study the emergence of a new work pattern of"nonlocal remote jobs"and its impact of productivity changes on the regional economic layout in China.At present,the relevant literature on China's regional economy research mainly focuses on regional economic development and pattern evolution;regional disparity and coordinated development;and spatial distribution of labor force,regional division of labor,and cooperation.The literature also mostly explores the above using reduced form models.However,there is no literature on the changes in production and lifestyle as well as the economic development brought about by the new form of employment in China's digital economy-‘nonlocal remote jobs."Further,no literature has quantified the specific changes in labor supply and residential layout and regional economic development and trade conditions in China brought about by the emergence of off-site offices and productivity changes using a spatial general equilibrium model;this study fills this gap.(2)The current literature on"nonlocal remote jobs"has also focused on WFH,which is divided into two main categoriesone explores the impact of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus(COVID-19)on the productivity and trends of WFH,and the other explores the impact of home-based work on urban form and rents,mainly by distinguishing between two types of workers based on high and low skills or two standard monocentric cities to model the relative impact of WFH on these two types of workers or the two cities.No literature has explored the specific impact of"nonlocal remote jobs"on each region from an economic geography(quantitative spatial)perspective.In contrast to the existing literature,this study incorporates a new form of work—"nonlocal remote jobs"-into the EK framework,constructs a multi-regional quantitative spatial equilibrium model that incorporates"nonlocal remote jobs,"input-output linkages,firm heterogeneous productivity,and labor heterogeneous productivity and explores the specific impact of its emergence and productivity changes on each region in China.(3)This is an extension and development of the existing quantitative spatial economic model in this study.(4)In addition,it is important to note that this study's analysis of"nonlocal remote jobs"is distinct from previous studies on commuting costs and transportation costs.Although an important feature of WFH is the reduction in commuting costs,this study explores much more than the reduction in commuting costs;rather,it examines a series of implications of its naturethe separation of workers'residence and work,including the regional labor supply,number of residents,price index,house price levels,trade conditions,city size,and economic layout.
作者
王永进
刘玉莹
WANG Yongjin;LIU Yuying(School of Economics,Nankai University)
出处
《数量经济技术经济研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期25-45,共21页
Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD074)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073073)的资助。
关键词
数字劳动力市场
异地办公
劳动力流动
区域发展
Digital Labor Market
Nonlocal Remote Jobs
Labor Mobility
Regional Development
