摘要
背景:骨组织缺损是目前骨科最为常见的疾病之一,并且该疾病现行的治疗手段均存在一定的不足。组织工程的发展为骨缺损修复带来了新的希望,通过调控缺损部位生物活性物质的释放和血管化、神经化的进程可以有效改善骨组织微环境并促进骨整合,是大尺寸骨缺损修复最具发展潜力的研究思路。目的:从生物活性物质、血管再生和神经化对骨微环境变化3个方面的影响,探讨近年来调控骨微环境变化在骨缺损修复中的研究进展,为治疗大尺寸骨缺损提供新的思路和策略。方法:在中国知网和万方数据库分别以“骨组织工程,血管生成,神经化,细胞因子,骨形态发生蛋白,血管内皮生长因子,神经肽,骨微环境”为检索词;在Web of Science,Science Direct,PubMed数据库分别以“bone tissue engineering,angiogenesis,neurotization,cytokines,bone morphogenetic protein,vascular endothelial growth factor,neuropeptide,bone microenvironment”为检索词,检索2001-01-01/2022-12-31收录的有关骨微环境变化的影响因素及在骨组织工程中的应用研究,最终纳入109篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①骨微环境是诱导骨组织干细胞生长分化的重要保障,其主要包括骨组织种子的细胞外基质及细胞间的相互作用所需要的生物化学因子、局部血液循环网络和周围的神经组织。②骨缺损修复是一个分为多个阶段的连续过程,这些阶段相互重叠,由多种细胞因子介导,同一种细胞因子在一个或多个愈合阶段可以产生相互协同或拮抗的作用。③新生血管再生是启动骨修复的关键,新生血管不仅为骨修复提供了必需的营养物质、成骨细胞和生长因子,同时更是修复细胞进入损伤区的通道。④除了调控血管诱导因子的释放种类、剂量及时效性等因素以实现血运重建外,多因子差异性释放递送系统的研究和基因转移技术的应用将是未来解决大面积骨缺损的研究方向。⑤神经肽类物质能与相关受体结合并作用于特定的信号通路,通过多种途径引导血管的生长及影响骨愈合、骨再生及成骨与破骨之间的平衡。⑥在建立神经化的组织工程骨时,骨组织微环境变化与神经调控的作用是双向的。骨基质中的细胞因子可以通过血神经屏障参与神经元的信号传导通路。而由神经胶质细胞分泌的神经肽类物质能作用于骨微环境,影响骨愈合、骨再生及成骨与破骨之间的平衡。⑦关于生物活性物质和血管化、神经化的进程对骨微环境的调控还存在诸多尚待解决的问题,如细胞因子在人体内弥散和降解速度过快而易丧失活性、血管生成相关生长因子的时效性及空间分布、通过机体回馈调节机制建立神经化等诸多问题,还需后续研究不断完善。
BACKGROUND:Bone tissue defects are one of the most common diseases in orthopedics,and the current treatments for this disease are inadequate.The development of tissue engineering brings new hope for bone defect repair:by regulating the release of bioactive substances and the process of vascularization and neurogenesis at the defect site,it can effectively improve the microenvironment of bone tissue and promote osseointegration,which is the most promising research idea for large-size bone defect repair.OBJECTIVE:To explore the research progress of regulating bone microenvironment changes in bone defect repair in recent years from the effects of bioactive substances,vascularization and neurotization on three aspects of bone microenvironment changes,and to provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of large-size bone defects.METHODS:The search terms“bone tissue engineering,angiogenesis,neurotization,cytokines,bone morphogenetic protein,vascular endothelial growth factor,neuropeptides,bone microenvironment”in Chinese and English were used to search for articles on the influence of changes in the bone microenvironment and their application in bone tissue engineering published from January 1,2001 to December 31,2022 on CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,Science Direct,and PubMed.Finally,109 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The bone microenvironment is essential for the induction of bone tissue stem cell growth and differentiation,and mainly consists of the extracellular matrix of the bone tissue seeds and the biochemical factors required for intercellular interactions,the local blood circulation network and the surrounding nerve tissue.(2)Bone defect repair is a continuous process divided into multiple phases that overlap and are mediated by multiple cytokines,and the same cytokine can have mutually synergistic or antagonistic effects in one or more healing phases.(3)Neovascular regeneration is key to initiating bone repair,as neovascularisation not only provides essential nutrients,osteoblasts and growth factors for bone repair,but is also a gateway for repair cells to enter the injury zone.(4)In addition to regulating the type,dose and timeliness of vascular-inducing factor release to achieve blood transport reconstruction.The study of differential release delivery systems of multiple factors and the application of gene transfer technology will be the future research direction to solve large bone defects.(5)Neuropeptides can bind to relevant receptors and act on specific signaling pathways to guide vascular growth and influence bone healing,bone regeneration and the balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis through a variety of pathways.(6)In the establishment of neuralized tissue-engineered bone,the role of changes in the bone tissue microenvironment and neuromodulation is bidirectional.Cytokines in the bone matrix can participate in neuronal signaling pathways through the blood-nerve barrier.Neuropeptides secreted by glial cells act on the bone microenvironment,affecting bone healing,bone regeneration and the balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis.(7)There are still many questions regarding the regulation of the bone microenvironment by bioactive substances and the processes of vascularization and neurogenesis,such as the rapid diffusion and degradation of cytokines in the body and their loss of activity,the temporal and spatial distribution of angiogenesis-related growth factors,and the establishment of neurogenesis through the body’s feedback regulatory mechanism,which need to be improved by subsequent studies.
作者
钟思扬
廖晴
周星宇
李先楹
卫晶晶
杨琳
Zhong Siyang;Liao Qing;Zhou Xingyu;Li Xianying;Wei Jingjing;Yang Lin(Zhuhai Campus,Zunyi Medical University,Zhuhai 519041,Guangdong Province,China;Department of Human Anatomy,Zhuhai Campus,Zunyi Medical University,Zhuhai 519041,Guangdong Province,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第15期2452-2460,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82260456,81960419),项目负责人:杨琳
遵义医科大学2022年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210661029),项目负责人:周星宇
遵义医科大学2022年省级大学生创新创业训练计划(S202210661043X),项目负责人:李先楹
遵义医科大学2022年校级大学生创新创业训练计划(ZXCH2022003)
遵义医科大学研究生教育创新计划项目(ZYK89),项目负责人:卫晶晶。
关键词
骨组织工程
血管生成
神经化
细胞因子
骨形态发生蛋白
血管内皮生长因子
神经肽
骨微环境
bone tissue engineering
angiogenesis
neurotization
cytokine
bone morphogenetic protein
vascular endothelial growth factor
neuropeptide,bone microenvironment
